Freeze-drying of nanoparticle suspensions is capable of generating stable nanoformulations with improved storage times and easier transportation. Nonetheless, nanoparticle aggregation is likely induced during freeze-drying, which reduces its redispersibility upon reconstitution and leads to undesirable effects such as non-specific toxicity and impaired efficacy. In this work, bovine serum albumin (BSA) is described as a suitable protectant for silica nanoparticles (SNPs), which result in solid structures with excellent redispersibility and negligible signs of aggregation even when longer storage times are considered. We experimentally demonstrated that massive system aggregation can be prevented when a saturated BSA corona around the nanoparticle is formed before the lyophilization process. Furthermore, the BSA corona is able to suppress non-specific interactions between these nanoparticles and biological systems, as evidenced by the lack of residual cytotoxicity, hemolytic activity and opsonin adsorption. Hence, BSA can be seriously considered for industry as an additive for nanoparticle freeze-drying since it generates solid and redispersible nanoformulations with improved biocompatibility.

中文翻译：

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蛋白电晕满足冷冻干燥的要求：克服胶体稳定性，毒性和调理素吸附的挑战

纳米颗粒悬浮液的冷冻干燥能够产生稳定的纳米制剂，并具有改善的储存时间和更容易的运输。但是，在冷冻干燥过程中可能会诱导纳米颗粒聚集，这会降低其在重构时的可再分散性，并导致不良影响，例如非特异性毒性和功效下降。在这项工作中，牛血清白蛋白（BSA）被描述为二氧化硅纳米颗粒（SNPs）的合适保护剂，即使考虑到更长的存储时间，其也可以产生具有出色的再分散性和可忽略的聚集迹象的固体结构。我们实验证明，在冻干过程之前，当纳米颗粒周围形成饱和BSA电晕时，可以防止大量系统聚集。此外，BSA电晕能够抑制这些纳米颗粒与生物系统之间的非特异性相互作用，这由缺乏残留的细胞毒性，溶血活性和调理素吸附所证明。因此，由于BSA产生具有改善的生物相容性的固体和可再分散的纳米制剂，因此在工业上可以被认真考虑用作纳米颗粒冷冻干燥的添加剂。