17β-Estradiol (E2) has a significant health risk to humans, even at the ng/L level, and is discharged to the aqueous environment through wastewater. Advanced oxidation processes were proposed as an efficient process for the removal of E2. In this study, a combination of ultraviolet-C (UV-C) and KMnO₄ was applied for the removal of E2. Results have shown that the removal efficiency of E2 in pH 4 (acidic condition) was 93.80 ± 0.42%. But, removal efficiency in neutral (7) and alkaline (10) conditions was 78.3 ± 2.12% and 84 ± 0.71%, respectively. The effect of Fe⁺², Ca⁺², Mg⁺², Mn⁺², and Fe⁺³ ions (1 mg/L) was investigated in optimized pH (4). Mn⁺², Fe⁺², and Ca⁺² ions enhanced the removal efficiency to 94.8 ± 0.84%, 95.55 ± 0.07%, and 94.7 ± 0.14%, respectively , while Mg⁺² and Fe⁺³ ions decreased the removal efficiency significantly to 76.15 ± 1% and 83.91 ± 0.3% . The efficiency of E2 removal in the presence of 5 mg/L of PAC reduced significantly to 85 ± 4.24% . Also, humic substances like humic acid, fulvic acid, and a combination of them could enhance the efficiency to 99.87 ± 0.01%, 99.9 ± 0.06%, and 99.93 ± 0.014%, respectively . The result indicates that the rate of oxidation of E2 is related to the second exponent of the initial concentration of E2 for optimum pH and the presence of all ions. But, in the presence of humic substances, the first-order kinetic reaction was best applicable in describing oxidation of E2. Removal of chemical oxygen demand for E2 after 120 minutes’ of contact time at optimum pH (86 ± 4.2%) demonstrated mineralization of these compounds at acceptable levels. Results presented that the UV-C/KMnO₄ process is efficient for the removal of hormones from the aqueous solution.

中文翻译：

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高锰酸钾与紫外线（KMnO4 / UV）结合从水溶液中去除17β-雌二醇（E2）

17 β雌二醇（E2）具有显著影响人体健康，即使在纳克/ L电平，并且被排出到废水通过水性环境。提出了先进的氧化工艺作为去除E2的有效工艺。在这项研究中，紫外线-C（UV-C）和KMnO _4的组合用于去除E2。结果表明，在pH 4（酸性条件）下，E2的去除效率为93.80±0.42％。但是，在中性（7）和碱性（10）条件下的去除效率分别为78.3±2.12％和84±0.71％。在优化的pH（4）中研究了Fe ⁺²，Ca ⁺²，Mg ⁺²，Mn ⁺²和Fe ⁺³离子（1 mg / L）的影响。锰⁺²，Fe ⁺²和Ca ⁺²离子将去除效率分别提高至94.8±0.84％，95.55±0.07％和94.7±0.14％，而Mg ⁺²和Fe ⁺³离子将去除效率显着降低至76.15±1％和83.91±0.3％。在5 mg / L PAC存在下去除E2的效率显着降低至85±4.24％。此外，腐殖酸，富叶酸及其混合物可将效率分别提高至99.87±0.01％，99.9±0.06％和99.93±0.014％。结果表明，对于最佳pH和所有离子的存在，E2的氧化速率与E2初始浓度的第二个指数有关。但是，在腐殖质存在下，一级动力学反应最适合描述E2的氧化。在最佳pH（86±4.2％）下接触120分钟后，除去E2的化学需氧量表明，这些化合物的矿化程度处于可接受的水平。结果表明，UV-C / KMnO ₄工艺可有效去除水溶液中的激素。