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Two-Dimensional Material-Based Biosensors for Virus Detection
ACS Sensors ( IF 8.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-23 , DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c01961
Cécilia Ménard-Moyon 1 , Alberto Bianco 1 , Kourosh Kalantar-Zadeh 2
Affiliation  

Viral infections are one of the major causes of mortality and economic losses worldwide. Consequently, efficient virus detection methods are crucial to determine the infection prevalence. However, most detection methods face challenges related to false-negative or false-positive results, long response times, high costs, and/or the need for specialized equipment and staff. Such issues can be overcome by access to low-cost and fast response point-of-care detection systems, and two-dimensional materials (2DMs) can play a critical role in this regard. Indeed, the unique and tunable physicochemical properties of 2DMs provide many advantages for developing biosensors for viral infections with high sensitivity and selectivity. Fast, accurate, and reliable detection, even at early infection stages by the virus, can be potentially enabled by highly accessible surface interactions between the 2DMs and the analytes. High selectivity can be obtained by functionalization of the 2DMs with antibodies, nucleic acids, proteins, peptides, or aptamers, allowing for specific binding to a particular virus, viral fingerprints, or proteins released by the host organism. Multiplexed detection and discrimination between different virus strains are also feasible. In this Review, we present a comprehensive overview of the major advances of 2DM-based biosensors for the detection of viruses. We describe the main factors governing the efficient interactions between viruses and 2DMs, making them ideal candidates for the detection of viral infections. We also critically detail their advantages and drawbacks, providing insights for the development of future biosensors for virus detection. Lastly, we provide suggestions to stimulate research in the fast expanding field of 2DMs that could help in designing advanced systems for preventing virus-related pandemics.

中文翻译:

基于二维材料的病毒检测生物传感器

病毒感染是全世界死亡和经济损失的主要原因之一。因此,有效的病毒检测方法对于确定感染率至关重要。然而,大多数检测方法面临与假阴性或假阳性结果,响应时间长,成本高和/或需要专用设备和人员有关的挑战。可以通过使用低成本,快速响应的即时检测系统来解决此类问题,而二维材料(2DM)可以在这方面发挥关键作用。实际上,2DM的独特且可调节的理化特性为开发具有高灵敏度和选择性的病毒感染生物传感器提供了许多优势。快速,准确,可靠的检测,即使在病毒感染的早期,2DM与分析物之间的高度可及的表面相互作用可以潜在地实现“离子交换”。通过用抗体,核酸,蛋白质,肽或适体对2DM进行功能化,可以获得高选择性,从而允许与特定病毒,病毒指纹或宿主生物释放的蛋白质特异性结合。在不同病毒株之间进行多重检测和区分也是可行的。在这篇评论中,我们全面概述了用于检测病毒的基于2DM的生物传感器的主要进展。我们描述了控制病毒和2DM之间有效相互作用的主要因素,使它们成为检测病毒感染的理想候选者。我们还批判性地详细说明了它们的优缺点,为开发用于病毒检测的未来生物传感器提供见解。最后,我们提供了一些建议,以刺激快速发展的2DM领域的研究,这可能有助于设计先进的系统来预防与病毒有关的流行病。
更新日期:2020-12-24
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