Metal catalysts are of great importance in the modern chemical industry. It is well-known that the structures of metal catalysts determine their properties. However, recent studies suggested that the structures of metal catalysts change dynamically under reaction conditions, resulting in the deactivation or activation of metal catalysts. This Review summarizes the latest research progresses in the structural reconstruction of metal catalysts via controlled-atmosphere transmission electron microscopy. The state-of-the-art research technologies and crucial factors affecting the nanosized metal catalyst reconstruction are discussed. Various types of reconstruction phenomena are reviewed, including sintering and dispersion, reshaping, composition evolution, surface reconstruction of metal oxides, and strong metal–support interactions. Moreover, recent studies of the structure–property relationship of metal catalysts are also reviewed. Finally, we highlight current challenges and provide the perspectives for future research of this topic. We hope this Review provides insights for the rational design of high-performance metal catalysts.

中文翻译：

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受控大气透射电子显微镜在纳米金属催化剂结构重建方面的最新进展

金属催化剂在现代化学工业中非常重要。众所周知，金属催化剂的结构决定了它们的性能。然而，最近的研究表明，金属催化剂的结构在反应条件下动态变化，导致金属催化剂失活或活化。这篇综述总结了通过可控气氛透射电子显微镜对金属催化剂的结构重建的最新研究进展。讨论了最新的研究技术和影响纳米金属催化剂重建的关键因素。综述了各种类型的重建现象，包括烧结和分散，重塑，成分演变，金属氧化物的表面重建以及强金属-载体相互作用。此外，还综述了有关金属催化剂的结构-性质关系的最新研究。最后，我们重点介绍了当前的挑战，并为该主题的未来研究提供了前景。我们希望这篇评论为高性能金属催化剂的合理设计提供见解。