Synthetic polymer chemistry endeavors to imitate the spatial and temporal control exhibited within biological systems to obtain well-defined polymeric materials with unique structures, properties, and applications. This is often approached through the development of dynamic catalyst (or initiator) systems that use external stimuli to elicit discrete, site-specific transformations that impact the polymerization. Herein we highlight developments in polymerizations that are modulated by external stimuli, with particular focus on those systems that enable notable changes in kinetics, monomer selectivity, polymer architecture, or tacticity. Examples of external stimuli include chemical oxidants or reductants, light, applied voltage, and mechanical force.

中文翻译：

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外部刺激调节聚合反应的研究进展

合成聚合物化学努力模仿生物系统内表现出的空间和时间控制，以获得具有独特结构，特性和应用的定义明确的聚合物材料。这通常通过开发动态催化剂（或引发剂）系统来解决，该系统使用外部刺激来引发影响聚合反应的离散的，特定于位点的转化。本文中，我们重点介绍了受外部刺激调节的聚合反应的发展，特别关注那些能够显着改变动力学，单体选择性，聚合物结构或立构规整度的体系。外部刺激的例子包括化学氧化剂或还原剂，光，施加的电压和机械力。