ABSTRACT

Reducing fossil fuel reliance is considered a great challenge for several progressive emerging economies. The development of alternative renewable fuels tends to improve energy security as well as diminish fuel supply vulnerability. This paper details an enhanced protocol intended for the manufacture of hemp biodiesel over two-stage base catalyzed transesterification from crude hemp oil (CHO). The estimation of fuel properties, along with the various spectrometric techniques like Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectrometry (FTIR), and Thermo Gravimetry-Differential Scanning Calorimetry/Derivative Thermogravimetry (TG-DSC/DTG) methodologies were used to properly assess the quality and quantity of hemp (Cannabis Sativa L.) biodiesel (HB). The density, kinematic viscosity, and cetane number of HB were found to be 876 kg/m³, 3.91 cSt, and 50, respectively. Since the estimated fuel properties fall well within the range of American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards, HB could be considered as a sustainable fuel alternative to conventional diesel. GC-MS results demonstrate that the HB contains unsaturated long-chain fatty acids like 9,15-Octadecadienoic acid methyl ester as dominant in the mixture. The FTIR spectrum of crude hemp oil and the synthesized biodiesel confirm the conversion of triglycerides in the CHO into methyl esters in the HB. The findings obtained from TG-DSC/DTG are in near agreement with the results of GC-MS and FTIR. It is therefore proven the hemp oil has abundant potential to be used as an inedible source for the manufacture of bio-diesel.

摘要

对于一些先进的新兴经济体来说，减少对化石燃料的依赖被认为是巨大的挑战。替代性可再生燃料的发展趋向于提高能源安全性并减少燃料供应的脆弱性。本文详细介绍了一种增强的方案，该方案旨在通过两步碱催化从粗麻油（CHO）进行酯交换来生产麻生物柴油。燃料特性的估计以及各种光谱技术，例如气相色谱和质谱（GC-MS），傅立叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）和热重分析-差示扫描量热法/导数热重分析（TG-DSC / DTG） ）方法被用来正确评估大麻的质量和数量（Canabis Sativa L.）生物柴油（HB）。发现HB的密度，运动粘度和十六烷值为876 kg / m ^3。，3.91 cSt和50。由于估计的燃料性质完全在美国测试和材料协会（ASTM）标准的范围内，因此HB可被视为传统柴油的可持续燃料替代品。GC-MS结果表明，HB包含不饱和长链脂肪酸，如9,15-十八碳二烯酸甲酯，在混合物中占主导地位。粗麻油和合成的生物柴油的FTIR光谱证实CHO中的甘油三酸酯已转化为HB中的甲酯。从TG-DSC / DTG获得的结果与GC-MS和FTIR的结果几乎一致。因此，证明了麻油具有巨大的潜力，可以用作制造生物柴油的不可食用的来源。