IFNs are well known as mediators of the antimicrobial response but also serve as important immunomodulatory cytokines in autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases. An increasingly critical role for IFNs in evolution of skin inflammation in these patients has been recognized. IFNs are produced not only by infiltrating immune but also resident skin cells, with increased baseline IFN production priming for inflammatory cell activation, immune response amplification, and development of skin lesions. The IFN response differs by cell type and host factors and may be modified by other inflammatory pathway activation specific to individual diseases, leading to differing clinical phenotypes. Understanding the contribution of IFNs to skin and systemic disease pathogenesis is key to development of new therapeutics and improved patient outcomes. In this review, we summarize the immunomodulatory role of IFNs in skin, with a focus on type I, and provide insight into IFN dysregulation in autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases.

中文翻译：

---

皮肤 I 型干扰素在自身免疫和自身炎症疾病中的作用

IFN 是众所周知的抗微生物反应介质，但在自身免疫和自身炎症性疾病中也可作为重要的免疫调节细胞因子。已认识到干扰素在这些患者的皮肤炎症演变中的作用越来越重要。IFN 不仅通过浸润免疫细胞而且通过常驻皮肤细胞产生，增加的基线 IFN 产生引发炎症细胞活化、免疫反应放大和皮肤损伤的发展。IFN 反应因细胞类型和宿主因素而异，并且可能被个别疾病特有的其他炎症通路激活所修饰，从而导致不同的临床表型。了解 IFN 对皮肤和全身性疾病发病机制的贡献是开发新疗法和改善患者预后的关键。在本次审查中，