The ideal bone repair material should firstly recognize and recruit osteoblast precursor cells to initiate the repair process, then promote the differentiation of osteoblasts and accelerate the mineralization of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Here, a bioinspired staged bone regeneration strategy which loads bone morphogenetic protein₂ (BMP₂)‐modified black phosphorus (BP@BMP₂) nanosheets to a polylactic acid (PLLA) electrospun fibrous scaffold, with a combination of recruiting osteoblast precursor cells and biomineralization properties for bone regeneration, is constructed successfully by micro‐sol electrospinning technique. BP, acting as carriers, can not only provide a negative surface and a strong BMP₂ loading ability but can also promote biomineralization in a 3D manner on the electrospun fibrous scaffold, while the BMP₂ is to target osteoblast precursor cells for recruitment and osteogenesis differentiation, which endows BP@BMP₂ nanosheets with staged bone regeneration ability. Furthermore, the in vitro and in vivo data showed that the BP@BMP₂ loaded electrospun fibrous scaffold have good biocompatibility and a strong osteogenesis ability resulting in rapid new bone tissue regeneration. Altogether, this newly developed bioinspired BMP₂‐modified BP electrospun fiber with staged bone regeneration properties via recruiting osteoblast precursor cells to the bone injured site and accelerating biomineralization can be a promising approach in physiologic bone repair.

中文翻译：

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具有生物启发性的功能性黑色磷电纺纤维，可实现阶段性骨再生的招募和生物矿化

理想的骨修复材料应首先识别并募集成骨细胞前体细胞以启动修复过程，然后促进成骨细胞分化并加速细胞外基质（ECM）的矿化。在这里，采用生物启发式的阶段性骨再生策略，该方法将骨形态发生蛋白₂（BMP ₂）修饰的黑磷（BP @ BMP ₂）纳米片加载到聚乳酸（PLLA）电纺纤维支架上，并结合了招募成骨细胞前体细胞和生物矿化作用通过微溶胶电纺技术成功构建了骨再生特性。BP作为载体，不仅可以提供负表面，而且可以提供强大的BMP ₂负载能力，但还可以在电纺纤维支架上以3D方式促进生物矿化，而BMP ₂则靶向成骨细胞前体细胞进行募集和成骨分化，这使BP @ BMP ₂纳米片具有逐步的骨再生能力。此外，体外和体内数据表明，负载BP @ BMP _2的电纺纤维支架具有良好的生物相容性和强大的成骨能力，从而可以迅速地使新的骨组织再生。总之，这种新开发的生物启发型BMP ₂通过将成骨细胞前体细胞募集到骨损伤部位并加速生物矿化，具有分阶段的骨再生特性的改良BP电纺纤维可以成为生理性骨修复的一种有前途的方法。