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Floor area density and land uses for efficient district cooling systems in high-density cities
Sustainable Cities and Society ( IF 11.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-24 , DOI: 10.1016/j.scs.2020.102601
Zhongming Shi , Jimeno A. Fonseca , Arno Schlueter

Floor area density and land uses are two fundamental parameters of a city's master plan. Both affect the spatial and temporal distribution of the cooling demand in a district. This work studies how floor area density and land use impact the efficiency of district cooling systems in high-density cities and quantifies the impact using five cost indicators. We use the street layout plan of a district of downtown Singapore to generate hundreds of designs by varying density and land uses using Rhino/Grasshopper and the quasi-Monte Carlo Saltelli sampler. Five independent input variables are used for the sampling. The three land uses featured are residential, office, and retail. We assess the cost performance of the district cooling systems for each sample using an urban energy simulation program tool, the City Energy Analyst (CEA). To identify the effects of each design variable on the capital and operational costs of district cooling systems, we perform the Sobol' sensitivity analysis. We find that the district land use ratio is the most dominant parameter, followed by the spatial distribution of density, whereas the spatial distribution of land uses has less influence. Urban planners and designers may use the results of this study of floor area density and land use when designing districts of high-density cities serviced by district cooling systems.



中文翻译:

高密度城市中有效的区域供热系统的地面密度和土地使用

建筑面积密度和土地使用是城市总体规划的两个基本参数。两者都会影响一个地区的制冷需求的时空分布。这项工作研究了地板密度和土地利用如何影响高密度城市中区域供冷系统的效率,并使用五个成本指标来量化影响。我们使用新加坡犀牛区/ Grasshopper和准蒙特卡洛·萨尔泰利采样器,通过改变密度和土地用途,使用新加坡市区的街道布局图来生成数百种设计。五个独立的输入变量用于采样。三种土地用途分别是住宅,办公室和零售。我们使用城市能源模拟程序工具城市能源分析师(CEA)来评估每个样本的区域供冷系统的成本绩效。为了确定每个设计变量对区域供冷系统的资本和运营成本的影响,我们进行了Sobol敏感性分析。我们发现,区域土地利用比率是最主要的参数,其次是密度的空间分布,而土地利用的空间分布影响较小。在设计由区域供冷系统提供服务的高密度城市的区域时,城市规划人员和设计师可以利用对地板面积密度和土地利用的研究结果。土地利用的空间分布影响较小。在设计由区域供冷系统提供服务的高密度城市的区域时,城市规划人员和设计师可以利用对地板面积密度和土地利用的研究结果。土地利用的空间分布影响较小。在设计由区域供冷系统提供服务的高密度城市的区域时,城市规划人员和设计师可以利用对地板面积密度和土地利用的研究结果。

更新日期:2020-12-14
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