Ship's attitude information is of great significance for navigation safety, cargo handling monitoring, and operation management. It is highly desired to develop an electromechanical integrated tilt sensor which can work well under harsh environment. In this paper, a robust and self-powered tilt sensor based on annular liquid-solid interfacing triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is to be proposed and systematically investigated. The TENG tilt sensor is composed of an annular polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) tube with copper electrodes segment disposed on the surface and the internal liquid which is encapsulated in PTFE tube with no air bubble. Studies on electrode width and liquid type are conducted to reasonably design the TENG sensor structure and improve its sensitivity. By conducting the durability test, the TENG tilt sensor demonstrates stable output performance and high sensitivity characteristics in low-frequency and low-amplitude inclination conditions. Moreover, the TENG tilt sensor hardly fails due to parts wear since there are no moving parts in it. The advantage of durability, maintenance-free, and independent with the external environment are highlighted in a harsh environment with high humidity, high salinity and strong magnetic field. Therefore, the present TENG tilt sensor is of practical significance for improving the automation and intelligence of ships.

船舶的姿态信息对于航行安全，货物装卸监控和运营管理具有重要意义。迫切需要开发一种能够在恶劣环境下正常工作的机电一体化倾斜传感器。本文提出了一种基于环形液固界面摩擦纳米发电机（TENG）的鲁棒自供电倾斜传感器，并对其进行了系统的研究。TENG倾斜传感器由环形聚四氟乙烯（PTFE）管和表面上的铜电极组成，环形聚四氟乙烯（PTFE）管表面上装有铜电极段，内部液体封装在无气泡的PTFE管中。对电极宽度和液体类型进行了研究，以合理设计TENG传感器结构并提高其灵敏度。通过进行耐久性测试，TENG倾斜传感器在低频和低振幅倾斜条件下表现出稳定的输出性能和高灵敏度特性。此外，由于TENG倾斜传感器中没有活动部件，因此几乎不会因部件磨损而发生故障。在具有高湿度，高盐度和强磁场的恶劣环境中，突出了耐用性，免维护以及与外部环境无关的优点。因此，目前的TENG倾斜传感器对于提高船舶的自动化和智能化具有现实意义。在具有高湿度，高盐度和强磁场的恶劣环境中突出显示了与外部环境无关的特性。因此，目前的TENG倾斜传感器对于提高船舶的自动化和智能化具有现实意义。在具有高湿度，高盐度和强磁场的恶劣环境中突出显示了与外部环境无关的特性。因此，目前的TENG倾斜传感器对于提高船舶的自动化和智能化具有现实意义。