Policy-makers face the challenge of assessing and implementing sustainability measures, while also dealing with parallel and sometimes conflicting policy agendas, long-term policy impacts, and contested interpretations of sustainability. To support evidence-based decision-making in this context, this paper presents the results from an integrated assessment of sustainability goal interactions. Links between the bio-based economy, the 2030 Agenda, and the so-called strong sustainability paradigm were explored in a regional-scale case. The analysis focused primarily on developments in the forestry and energy sectors. Direct trade-offs and synergies as well as broader systemic impacts were identified. The results show how goals from the bio-based economy, 2030 Agenda and strong sustainability paradigm are mutually interacting. Positive interactions were found within two clusters of goals, offering coherent and synergetic transition pathways within these. The first cluster encompasses developments toward intensified forestry, renewable energy, and closed-loop production systems. The second pathway supports diversified forestry and protection of critical natural capital. However, while internally coherent, trade-offs were identified between these goal clusters, demonstrating the difficulty in simultaneously making progress on goals belonging to different sustainability agendas. The results also stress the need for disaggregation and long-term assessments to identify trade-offs and synergies. Finally, the analysis highlights the theoretical potential but practical challenges of implementing the bio-based economy and 2030 Agenda in a way that adheres to strong sustainability. The analytical framework used in the present study may be adapted and applied to other decision-making contexts. It is particularly useful in settings characterized by uncertainty and unstructured problem spaces.

决策者面临评估和实施可持续性措施的挑战，同时还要处理平行的，有时是相互冲突的政策议程，长期政策影响以及对可持续性的有争议的解释。为了在这种情况下支持基于证据的决策，本文介绍了对可持续发展目标相互作用的综合评估结果。在区域规模的案例中，探索了生物基经济，《 2030年议程》与所谓的强大可持续性范式之间的联系。该分析主要侧重于林业和能源部门的发展。确定了直接的权衡和协同作用以及更广泛的系统影响。结果表明，基于生物的经济，《 2030年议程》和强大的可持续性范式的目标如何相互影响。在两个目标集群中发现了积极的互动，在这些目标中提供了连贯和协同的过渡途径。第一个集群包括向集约化林业，可再生能源和闭环生产系统的发展。第二种途径支持多样化的林业和关键自然资本的保护。但是，尽管内部连贯，但在这些目标集群之间找到了折衷方案，这表明了在同时实现属于不同可持续性议程的目标方面取得进展的难度。结果还强调有必要进行分类和长期评估，以找出取舍和协同作用。最后，分析强调了以坚守可持续性的方式实施生物基经济和2030年议程的理论潜力，但又面临实际挑战。本研究中使用的分析框架可以进行调整，并应用于其他决策环境。它在以不确定性和非结构化问题空间为特征的环境中特别有用。