Abstract

The article discusses the significance of Vavilov’s law of homologous series in variability for plant systematics. According to this law, the Linnean species was proposed to be considered as a dynamic system of ecological and geographical races—hereditary forms, all of them are variable across time and space under the influence of environmental factors and after mutations and recombination of alleles during hybridization in either nature or experiments. In nature, species can differ in many traits, but the spectrum of potential variability of morphological and physiological characters hidden in the genotype is almost the same in related species. Related genera and species differ only in a few significant characters (so called, radicals); they are the only taxonomically significant characters. Radicals and the genetic affinity of species can be revealed in experiments by disclosing the latent intraspecific phenotypic and genetic diversity of the species. The farther the species are from each other, the less overlap the variability spectra of their phenotypes and genotypes. It took time and the emergence of new effective approaches for assessing the genetic affinity of plants (such as karyosystematics, immunosystematics, GISH, and molecular phylogeny), to put at the service of plant taxonomy not just the study of morphological similarity but the study of characters of relatedness. The current stage of the study of parallel genotypic variability in plants is characterized by the fact that, as a result of advances in molecular phylogeny and comparative genomics, there is a real opportunity to study the phenomenon of morphologically indistinguishable but genetically heterogeneous (cryptic) species and to study the degree of genetic diversity and kinship of natural populations of morphologically polymorphic species with wide area of distribution.

中文翻译：

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系统论变分中的同源序列定律

摘要

本文讨论了同源序列的瓦维洛夫定律对植物系统变异的重要性。根据该法律，提议将林尼亚种视为生态和地理种族的动态系统-世袭形式，在环境因素的影响下以及杂交过程中等位基因的突变和重组后，它们在时间和空间上都是可变的在自然界或实验中。在自然界中，物种在许多特征上可能有所不同，但是隐藏在基因型中的形态和生理特征的潜在变异谱在相关物种中几乎相同。相关属和种的区别仅在于几个重要特征（所谓的自由基）。它们是唯一在分类学上有意义的字符。通过揭示物种潜在的种内种表型和遗传多样性，可以在实验中揭示出自由基和物种的遗传亲和力。物种彼此之间的距离越远，其表型和基因型的变异谱重叠越少。花费时间和新的有效方法来评估植物的遗传亲和力（例如核系统，免疫系统，GISH和分子系统发育），不仅为形态分类研究，而且为植物分类研究提供了服务。相关性。植物平行基因型变异性研究的当前阶段的特点是，由于分子系统发育和比较基因组学的进步，