Russian Journal of Genetics ( IF 0.6 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-23 , DOI: 10.1134/s1022795420110034 O. B. Dobrovolskaya
Abstract
Almost all wheat species have an unbranched spike. Tetraploid rivet wheat Triticum turgidum L., branched forms of which are widespread and have been known for about 2000 years, is an exception. As for other wheat species, supernumerary spikelet forms are rare, and supernumerary spikelet/branched spike belongs to nonstandard morphotypes. As one of the examples illustrating the law of homologous series in variation, N.I. Vavilov presented the trait “spike branching” peculiar “not only to many wheat and rye species but also to many other genera with spike inflorescence or panicle.” The studies of genetic factors underlying the formation of “supernumerary spikelet/spike branching” trait and the study of peculiarities of the development of inflorescences of nonstandard branched wheat forms made it possible to demonstrate a genetic nature of hereditary variation of this trait. At the same time, the group of supernumerary spikelet/branched-lines is heterogeneous, and different genetic mechanisms can underlie the formation of branched spike. This review presents a retrospective of scientific studies devoted to the creation of supernumerary spikelet wheat forms and to the study of genetics of “supernumerary spikelet/spike branching” trait and demonstrates the results of modern studies of genetic regulation of morphogenesis of cereal inflorescences using supernumerary spikelet lines as genetic models.
中文翻译:
小穗小麦形式作为花序发育遗传调控研究的模型
摘要
几乎所有小麦品种都有无分支的穗状花序。四倍体铆钉小麦普通小麦L.的分支形式很普遍,并且已经有2000年的历史了,这是一个例外。至于其他小麦品种,数量很少的小穗形式很少,数量过多的小穗/分支穗属于非标准形态型。作为说明同源序列变化规律的例子之一,NI Vavilov提出了“穗分枝”特征,“不仅对许多小麦和黑麦品种,而且对穗状花序或穗状花序的许多其他属而言”。对“数量过多的小穗/穗状花序分支”性状形成的遗传因素的研究以及对非标准分支小麦形式的花序发育特性的研究使得有可能证明该性状的遗传变异的遗传性质。同时,多余的小穗/分支线的组是异质的,并且不同的遗传机制可以作为分支的穗的形成的基础。这篇综述介绍了致力于创建超小穗小麦形态和“超小穗/穗分枝”性状的遗传学的科学研究的回顾,并展示了利用超小穗对谷物花序形态发生的遗传调控的现代研究的结果。系作为遗传模型。