Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have emerged as one of the most promising candidates for next-generation energy storage systems because sodium is abundant in nature. The practical application of SIBs critically depends on developing robust electrode materials with high specific capacity and long cycling life, developing suitable anode materials is even more challenging. Alloy-type anodes are attractive for their high gravimetric and volumetric specific capacities, demonstrating great potential for high-energy SIBs, however, huge volume swelling hampered their practical application. Given the encouraging breakthroughs on alloy anodes for SIBs, herein, we present a review of the up-to-date progress and works carried out with alloy-based anode materials for SIBs. We review the synthetic strategies and their detailed electrochemical performance. In particular, we extensively reveal the important roles of alloy-based anodes in the development of SIBs. Research progress of alloy-type anodes and their compounds for sodium storage is summarized. Specific efforts to enhance the electrochemical performance of the alloy-based anode materials are discussed. Finally, we proposed multi-component alloys/high-entropy alloys (HEAs) as further research directions for alloy-based anodes.

中文翻译：

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钠离子电池用合金阳极

由于钠在自然界中含量丰富，钠离子电池 (SIB) 已成为下一代储能系统最有希望的候选者之一。SIBs的实际应用关键取决于开发具有高比容量和长循环寿命的坚固电极材料，开发合适的负极材料更具挑战性。合金型阳极因其高重量和体积比容量而具有吸引力，显示出高能 SIB 的巨大潜力，然而，巨大的体积膨胀阻碍了它们的实际应用。鉴于 SIBs 合金阳极的令人鼓舞的突破，在此，我们回顾了 SIBs 合金基阳极材料的最新进展和工作。我们回顾了合成策略及其详细的电化学性能。特别是，我们广泛揭示了合金基阳极在 SIB 开发中的重要作用。综述了用于储钠的合金型负极及其化合物的研究进展。讨论了提高合金基负极材料电化学性能的具体努力。最后，我们提出了多组分合金/高熵合金（HEAs）作为合金基阳极的进一步研究方向。