Through the prism of the historical experience accumulated by mankind, the debatable problems of the essence and periodization of the Russian Civil War, as well as its general and special features, are examined in comparison with the civil wars in Europe, America, and Asia. Concepts existing in the domestic and foreign historiography are analyzed, and new assessments and definitions are proposed. In particular, it is proposed to consider a civil war as a prolonged armed struggle for power within a country by various political forces, social and ethno-confessional groups, using the state, state formations, and military formations (“armies”). The author’s calculations of human losses in Russia in the post-February (1917) period and at the initial stage of the Civil War are presented.

中文翻译：

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世纪尺度上的俄罗斯内战

通过人类积累的历史经验的棱镜，对比欧、美、亚三国的内战，考察了俄国内战的本质和阶段性问题，以及它的一般特点和特点。分析了国内外史学中存在的概念，提出了新的评价和定义。特别是，建议将内战视为一个国家内部各种政治力量、社会和民族信仰团体利用国家、国家组织和军事组织（“军队”）为争夺权力而进行的长期武装斗争。介绍了作者对 2 月之后（1917 年）时期和内战初期俄罗斯人员损失的计算。