It is widely accepted that further and more in-depth research is required on the out-of-plane seismic response of masonry infill walls to increase knowledge regarding this particular behaviour and to develop effective strengthening strategies for preventing their collapse. However, such experimental tests are difficult to perform and the scientific community recognizes the complexity inherent to the test apparatus, loading approaches and loading protocols. At the Laboratory for Earthquake and Structural Engineering (LESE), several efforts were carried out over the last years towards characterizing the out-of-plane behaviour of full-scale MIW. Two test setups were developed using two different approaches for applying the out-of-plane loadings. This manuscript provides an overview of the test setups adopted in the literature by other authors and discusses their implication in the MIW response. Therefore, the considerations assumed in the development of the test setups at the LESE laboratory are provided starting by describing the out-of-plane tests with airbags and after that with pneumatic jacks. Further information regarding both tests setups is described and discussed throughout the manuscript. Experimental results of two specimens tested with both approaches are presented, highlighting the main differences and similarities.

中文翻译：

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砌体填充墙平面外测试的前景和方法

人们普遍认为，需要对砌体填充墙的平面外地震响应进行更深入的研究，以增加对这种特殊行为的了解，并制定有效的加固策略以防止其倒塌。然而，此类实验测试难以执行，科学界认识到测试设备、加载方法和加载协议固有的复杂性。地震与结构工程实验室 (LESE) 在过去几年中进行了多项努力，以表征全尺寸 MIW 的平面外行为。使用两种不同的方法开发了两种测试设置来应用平面外载荷。这份手稿概述了其他作者在文献中采用的测试设置，并讨论了它们对 MIW 响应的影响。因此，在 LESE 实验室开发测试设置时所假设的考虑因素首先是描述安全气囊的平面外测试，然后是气动千斤顶。关于这两种测试设置的更多信息在整个手稿中都有描述和讨论。介绍了用两种方法测试的两个样本的实验结果，突出了主要的差异和相似之处。关于这两种测试设置的更多信息在整个手稿中都有描述和讨论。介绍了用两种方法测试的两个样本的实验结果，突出了主要的差异和相似之处。关于这两种测试设置的更多信息在整个手稿中都有描述和讨论。介绍了用两种方法测试的两个样本的实验结果，突出了主要的差异和相似之处。