Although gravitational-wave signals from exceptional low-mass compact binary coalescences, like GW170817, may carry matter signatures that differentiate the source from a binary black hole system, only one out of every eight events detected by the current Advanced LIGO and Virgo observatories are likely to have signal-to-noise ratios large enough to measure matter effects, even if they are present. Nonetheless, the systems' component masses will generally be constrained precisely. Constructing an explicit mixture model for the total rate density of merging compact objects, we develop a hierarchical Bayesian analysis to classify gravitational-wave sources according to the posterior odds that their component masses are drawn from different subpopulations. Accounting for current uncertainty in the maximum neutron star mass, and adopting different reasonable models for the total rate density, we examine two recent events from the LIGO-Virgo Collaboration's third observing run, GW190425 and GW190814. For population models with no overlap between the neutron star and black hole mass distributions, we typically find that there is a $\gtrsim 70\%$ chance that GW190425 was a binary neutron star merger rather than a neutron-star--black-hole merger. On the other hand, we find that there is a $\lesssim 6\%$ chance that GW190814 involved a slowly spinning neutron star, regardless of our assumed population model.

中文翻译：

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对最大中子星质量不完全了解的中子星和黑洞的判别

尽管来自像 GW170817 这样的特殊低质量致密双星聚结的引力波信号可能带有区分源与双星黑洞系统的物质特征，但目前先进的 LIGO 和室女座天文台探测到的事件中只有八分之一是可能的具有足够大的信噪比以测量物质效应，即使它们存在。尽管如此，系统的组件质量通常会受到精确约束。为合并致密物体的总速率密度构建显式混合模型，我们开发了分层贝叶斯分析，根据引力波源的组成质量来自不同亚群的后验几率对引力波源进行分类。考虑到最大中子星质量的当前不确定性，并针对总速率密度采用不同的合理模型，我们检查了来自 LIGO-Virgo Collaboration 第三次观测运行的两个最近事件，GW190425 和 GW190814。对于中子星和黑洞质量分布之间没有重叠的种群模型，我们通常发现 GW190425 是双中子星合并而不是中子星-黑洞的可能性为 $\gtrsim 70\%$合并。另一方面，我们发现 GW190814 包含一颗缓慢旋转的中子星的可能性为 $\lesssim 6\%$，无论我们假设的人口模型如何。我们通常会发现 GW190425 是双中子星合并而不是中子星-黑洞合并的可能性为 $\gtrsim 70\%$。另一方面，我们发现 GW190814 包含一颗缓慢旋转的中子星的可能性为 $\lesssim 6\%$，无论我们假设的人口模型如何。我们通常会发现 GW190425 是双中子星合并而不是中子星-黑洞合并的可能性为 $\gtrsim 70\%$。另一方面，我们发现 GW190814 包含一颗缓慢旋转的中子星的可能性为 $\lesssim 6\%$，无论我们假设的人口模型如何。