Radio campaigns using maser stellar beacons have provided crucial information to characterize Galactic stellar populations. Currently, the Bulge Asymmetries and Dynamical Evolution (BAaDE) project is surveying infrared (IR) color-selected targets for SiO masers. This provides a sample of evolved stars that can be used to study the inner, optically obscured Galaxy using line of sight velocities and possibly VLBI proper motions. In order to use the BAaDE sample for kinematic studies, the stellar population should be characterized. In this study, the BAaDE targets have been cross-matched with IR (2MASS) and optical Gaia samples. By exploring the synergies of this cross-match together with Gaia parallaxes and extinction maps, the local ($d < 2$ kpc) AGB stars can be characterized. We have defined a \textit{BAaDE-Gaia} sample of 20,111 sources resulting from cross-matching BAaDE targets with IR and optical surveys. From this sample, a~{\local} sample of 1,812 evolved stars with accurate parallax measurements, confirmed evolved stellar evolution stage, and within 2 kpc distance around the Sun was selected, for which absolute (bolometric) magnitudes are estimated. The evolved stellar population with Gaia counterparts that are variable seems to be predominantly associated with AGB stars with moderate luminosity ($1,500^{+3,000}_{-500} \ L_\odot$) and periods between 250 and 1,250 days.

中文翻译：

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表征银河前景中演化的恒星种群。I. 热辐射强度、空间分布和周期-光度关系

使用微波激射恒星信标的无线电活动为表征银河系恒星种群提供了关键信息。目前，凸出不对称和动力学演化 (BAaDE) 项目正在调查 SiO 脉泽的红外 (IR) 颜色选择目标。这提供了一个演化恒星样本，可用于使用视线速度和可能的 VLBI 自行研究内部的、光学模糊的星系。为了将 BAaDE 样本用于运动学研究，应表征恒星群。在这项研究中，BAaDE 目标已与 IR (2MASS) 和光学 Gaia 样品交叉匹配。通过探索这种交叉匹配与盖亚视差和灭绝图的协同作用，可以表征本地（$d < 2$ kpc）AGB 恒星。我们已经定义了 20 个 \textit{BAaDE-Gaia} 样本，111 个源由 BAaDE 目标与 IR 和光学勘测的交叉匹配产生。从这个样本中，选择了 1,812 颗具有准确视差测量、确认演化恒星演化阶段且在太阳周围 2 kpc 距离内的演化恒星的~{\local} 样本，并估计了绝对（热）星等。具有可变盖亚对应物的演化恒星群体似乎主要与具有中等光度（$1,500^{+3,000}_{-500} \ L_\odot$）和周期在 250 至 1,250 天之间的 AGB 恒星相关。估计绝对（热辐射）量级。具有可变盖亚对应物的演化恒星群体似乎主要与具有中等光度（$1,500^{+3,000}_{-500} \ L_\odot$）和周期在 250 至 1,250 天之间的 AGB 恒星相关。估计绝对（热辐射）量级。具有可变盖亚对应物的演化恒星群体似乎主要与具有中等光度（$1,500^{+3,000}_{-500} \ L_\odot$）和周期在 250 至 1,250 天之间的 AGB 恒星相关。