The human gut can be colonized by number of microorganisms. The most studied are bacteria, which changes from birth to newborn born into adult-like gut microbiota. Much is known about the effects of dietary, medications, and lifestyles on the bacterial composition. However, the host physiological changes influencing the gut microbiota, the immediate consequences, and the possible gut microbiota therapy are not studied at length. This review is based profoundly on animal model studies through experimentation and some human clinical trials for the past 20 years. The physiological factors studied to influences gut microbiota are bacterial mucosal receptors, mucin glycosylation, mucus, epithelial microvilli, and tight junction. Host secretions and immune response such as immunity, secretory A (sIgA), inflammasome, innate immunity, immune response, glycans, bile acids, peristalsis, microRNA, and adhesion to intestinal glycans are as well found to confer variety of alterations on gut microbial flora. Despite the resilience of the gut microbiota in response to changes, chain of events causes the imbalance microbiota. Increased pro-inflammatory potential with the help of cell barriers, host secretions, and immune response mediate gut recovery.

中文翻译：

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肠道菌群与人类肠道的生理变化

人的肠道可以被多种微生物定殖。研究最多的是细菌，它从出生到新生儿都会转变为成年状的肠道菌群。饮食，药物和生活方式对细菌成分的影响众所周知。然而，并未详细研究影响肠道菌群的宿主生理变化，直接后果以及可能的肠道菌群治疗。这篇评论深刻地基于过去20年通过实验和一些人类临床试验而进行的动物模型研究。研究影响肠道菌群的生理因素是细菌粘膜受体，粘蛋白糖基化，粘液，上皮微绒毛和紧密连接。宿主分泌物和免疫反应，例如免疫力，分泌性A（sIgA），炎症小体，先天免疫力，免疫反应，还发现聚糖，胆汁酸，蠕动，microRNA和对肠聚糖的粘附性赋予肠道微生物菌群多种变化。尽管肠道菌群具有适应变化的弹性，但事件链却导致菌群失衡。在细胞屏障，宿主分泌物和免疫应答的帮助下增加的促炎潜能介导肠道恢复。