Sleep plays an important role in maintaining neuronal circuitry, signalling and helps maintain overall health and wellbeing. Sleep deprivation (SD) disturbs the circadian physiology and exerts a negative impact on brain and behavioural functions. SD impairs the cellular clearance of misfolded neurotoxin proteins like α-synuclein, amyloid-β, and tau which are involved in major neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. In addition, SD is also shown to affect the glymphatic system, a glial-dependent metabolic waste clearance pathway, causing accumulation of misfolded faulty proteins in synaptic compartments resulting in cognitive decline. Also, SD affects the immunological and redox system resulting in neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. Hence, it is important to understand the molecular and biochemical alterations that are the causative factors leading to these pathophysiological effects on the neuronal system. This review is an attempt in this direction. It provides up-to-date information on the alterations in the key processes, pathways, and proteins that are negatively affected by SD and become reasons for neurological disorders over a prolonged period of time, if left unattended.

中文翻译：

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睡眠剥夺和神经系统疾病

睡眠在维持神经元回路，信号传导中起着重要作用，并有助于维持整体健康。睡眠剥夺（SD）扰乱了昼夜生理，对大脑和行为功能产生了负面影响。SD会破坏错误折叠的神经毒素蛋白（如α-突触核蛋白，淀粉样蛋白-β）的细胞清除率和tau参与主要的神经退行性疾病，例如阿尔茨海默氏病和帕金森氏病。此外，SD还显示出影响神经胶质依赖的代谢废物清除途径的淋巴系统，导致错误折叠的错误蛋白质积聚在突触区室中，导致认知能力下降。同样，SD会影响免疫和氧化还原系统，导致神经炎症和氧化应激。因此，重要的是要了解分子和生化改变，这些改变是导致这些神经生理系统病理生理影响的致病因素。这次审查是朝这个方向的尝试。它提供有关关键流程，途径，