Persistent infection with some types of mucosal human papillomavirus (HPV) is the etiological factor for the development of cervical cancer and its precursor lesions. Besides, several cofactors are known to play a role in cervical disease onset and progression either by favoring or by preventing HPV infection and persistence. The microbiome of a healthy female genital tract is characterized by the presence of 1 or few varieties of lactobacilli. However, high-throughput studies addressing the bacterial diversity and abundance in the female genital tract have shown that several factors, including hormonal levels, hygiene habits, and sexually transmitted diseases may disrupt the natural balance, favoring the outgrowth of some groups of bacteria, which in turn may favor some pathological states. Recently, the vaginal microbiome has emerged as a new variable that could greatly influence the natural history of HPV infections and their clinical impact. In this context, changes in the vaginal microbiome have been detected in women infected with HPV and women with HPV-associated lesions and cancer. However, the role of specific bacteria groups in the development/progression or prevention/regression of HPV-associated pathologies is not well understood. In this review we summarize the current knowledge concerning changes in vaginal microbiome and cervical disease. We discuss the potential functional interplay between specific bacterial groups and HPV infection outcomes.

中文翻译：

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微生物组与宫颈癌

某些类型的粘膜人乳头瘤病毒 (HPV) 的持续感染是宫颈癌及其前驱病变发展的病因因素。此外，已知一些辅助因素通过促进或阻止 HPV 感染和持续存在，在宫颈疾病的发生和进展中发挥作用。健康女性生殖道的微生物组的特征是存在 1 种或少数几种乳酸杆菌。然而，针对女性生殖道中细菌多样性和丰度的高通量研究表明，包括荷尔蒙水平、卫生习惯和性传播疾病在内的几个因素可能会破坏自然平衡，有利于某些细菌群的生长。反过来可能有利于某些病理状态。最近，阴道微生物组已成为一个新变量，可以极大地影响 HPV 感染的自然史及其临床影响。在这种情况下，已在感染 HPV 的女性以及患有 HPV 相关病变和癌症的女性中检测到阴道微生物组的变化。然而，特定细菌群在 HPV 相关病理的发展/进展或预防/消退中的作用尚不清楚。在这篇综述中，我们总结了目前有关阴道微生物组变化和宫颈疾病的知识。我们讨论了特定细菌群与 HPV 感染结果之间潜在的功能相互作用。已经在感染 HPV 的女性以及患有 HPV 相关病变和癌症的女性中检测到阴道微生物组的变化。然而，特定细菌群在 HPV 相关病理的发展/进展或预防/消退中的作用尚不清楚。在这篇综述中，我们总结了目前有关阴道微生物组变化和宫颈疾病的知识。我们讨论了特定细菌群与 HPV 感染结果之间潜在的功能相互作用。已经在感染 HPV 的女性以及患有 HPV 相关病变和癌症的女性中检测到阴道微生物组的变化。然而，特定细菌群在 HPV 相关病理的发展/进展或预防/消退中的作用尚不清楚。在这篇综述中，我们总结了目前有关阴道微生物组变化和宫颈疾病的知识。我们讨论了特定细菌群与 HPV 感染结果之间潜在的功能相互作用。