Previous studies have shown that it is possible to increase the ability of marine fish to produce long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid from their 18C precursors by nutritional programming or using broodstock with a higher fatty acyl desaturase 2 (fads2) expression. However, those studies failed to show the effect of these interventions on the expression of the fads2 gene in the developing egg. Moreover, there were no studies on the temporal expression of the fads2 during ontogeny in the gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata). In order to determine the changes in expression of fads2 during ontogeny, gilthead sea bream broodstock with a high (HRO) or low (LRO) fads2 expression fed a diet previously used for nutritional programming, or a fish oil-based diet (LFO) were allowed to spawn. The samples were taken at the stages of spawning, morula, high blastula, gastrula, neurula, heart beating, hatch and 3 day-old first exogenous feeding larvae to determine fads2 expression throughout embryonic development. The results showed the presence of fads2 mRNA in the just spawned egg, denoting the maternal mRNA transfer to the developing oocyte. Later, fads2 expression increased after the neurula, from heart beating until 3-day-old larvae, denoting the transition from maternal to embryonic gene expression. In addition, the eggs obtained from broodstock with high fads2 expression showed a high docosahexaenoic acid content, which correlated with the downregulation of the fads2 expression found in the developing embryo and larvae. Finally, feeding with the nutritional programming diet with the partial replacement of fish oil by rapeseed oil did not affect the long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-PUFA) contents nor fads2 expression in the gilthead sea bream developing eggs.

中文翻译：

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父母亲脂肪酸去饱和酶2（fads2）表达和饮食对成鱼过程中金头鲷（Sparus aurata）后代fads2表达的影响

先前的研究表明，可以通过营养编程或使用具有更高脂肪酰基去饱和酶2（fads2）表达的亲鱼来提高海水鱼类从其18C前体产生长链多不饱和脂肪酸的能力。但是，这些研究未能显示这些干预措施对发育中的卵中fads2基因表达的影响。而且，还没有关于在金头鲷（Sparus aurata）的个体发育过程中fads2的时间表达的研究。为了确定个体发育过程中fads2表达的变化，使用高（HRO）或低（LRO）fads2的金头鲷鱼种用先前用于营养编程的饮食或以鱼油为基础的饮食（LFO）来产生表达。在产卵，桑mor，高囊泡，胃，神经，心跳，孵化和3天大的第一个外源喂养幼虫的阶段采集样品，以确定fads2在整个胚胎发育过程中的表达。结果表明，刚产卵的卵中存在fads2 mRNA，表明母体mRNA转移至发育中的卵母细胞。后来，从心脏跳动到3天大的幼虫，神经元后fads2的表达增加，这表明从母体到胚胎基因表达的过渡。此外，从具有高时尚感的亲鱼获得的卵2表达的二十二碳六烯酸含量高，这与在发育中的胚胎和幼虫中发现的fads2表达下调有关。最后，用菜籽油部分替代鱼油的营养计划饮食喂养不会影响长头鲷鱼卵中长链多不饱和脂肪酸（LC-PUFA）的含量或fads2的表达。