To examine the effect of nitrogen (N) management regimes on rice quality in different rice production systems, a field experiment was conducted in 2017 and 2018. The experimental treatments comprised of two production systems (transplanted rice: TPR and dry direct-seeded rice: DDSR) and six N management treatments (0, 50, 100, and 150 kg N ha⁻¹ as basal, and 100 and 150 kg N ha⁻¹ in three splits which were regarded as N₁, N₂, N₃, N₄, N₅, and N₆, respectively). The results revealed that the rice quality attributes, i.e., broken rice recovery, abortive kernel, bursting, and curling were increased by 8%, 14%, 8%, and 14%, respectively, under DDSR than TPR. In the case of N management, split application of N reduced the chalky kernel (44%), abortive kernel (23%), opaque kernel (31%), bursting (24%), and curling (31%), while kernel protein contents, water absorption ratio, cooked grain length, and elongation ratio were increased by 41%, 88%, 25%, and 26%, respectively, as compared to the basal application of N. In short, DDSR cultivation reduced the appearance and cooking quality traits but white head rice recovery and nutritional quality were comparable to TPR. However, N application in splits either in DDSR or in TPR potentially improved the grain quality of rice compared with the basal application.

中文翻译：

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氮肥管理制度对不同水稻生产方式下香米碾磨恢复和籽粒品质的影响

为了研究氮管理制度对不同水稻生产系统中稻米质量的影响，在2017年和2018年进行了田间试验。试验处理包括两种生产系统（移植水稻：TPR和干直播水稻： DDSR）和六种N处理处理（以0、50、100和150 kg N ha ^-1为基础，分别以100和150 kg N ha ^-1分为三个部分，分别视为N ₁，N ₂，N ₃，N ₄，N ₅和N ₆， 分别）。结果表明，与TPR相比，DDSR下的稻米品质特性，即破碎的稻米收成，流产的谷粒，破裂和卷曲，分别提高了8％，14％，8％和14％。在进行氮管理的情况下，氮的分割施用减少了白垩状谷粒（44％），流产谷粒（23％），不透明谷粒（31％），破裂（24％）和卷曲（31％），而谷粒蛋白与基础施氮相比，其含量，吸水率，熟粒长和伸长率分别增加了41％，88％，25％和26％。总之，DDSR栽培会减少外观和烹饪品质特性，但白头稻的恢复和营养品质与TPR相当。然而，