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A dynamic modeling tool to anticipate the effectiveness of invasive plant control and restoration recovery trajectories in South African fynbos
Restoration Ecology ( IF 3.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-22 , DOI: 10.1111/rec.13324
Stuart A. Hall 1, 2 , Rita Bastos 3 , Joana Vicente 3, 4 , Ana Sofia Vaz 4, 5 , João P. Honrado 4 , Patricia M. Holmes 1 , Mirijam Gaertner 2, 6 , Karen J. Esler 1, 2 , João Alexandre Cabral 3
Affiliation  

Invasive alien plants negatively impact ecosystems, necessitating intricate management actions. In a critically endangered vegetation type within the fynbos biome of South Africa, a study was performed comparing different management interventions over plots invaded by Acacia saligna. A dynamic modeling approach was designed to analyze field data and simulate the effectiveness of several restoration methods. Field data for vegetation recovery rates over the course of 2 years were fed into the model, which allowed the extrapolation of multiple recovery trajectories over a long time‐span, not possible to obtain from traditional short‐term field surveys. Our model simulations show that different treatments in similarly degraded states at the time of clearing can result in vastly different recovery trajectories. Active seed sowing was initially most expensive but resulted in the most successful native shrub recovery, decreasing costs of longer‐term follow‐up acacia clearing. Clearing without burning was cheapest but resulted in limited establishment of both native and acacia cover, providing an opportunity for secondary invasion by alien forbs. In this case, biotic thresholds may have been crossed which prevented recovery of certain vegetation components. Active sowing can partially reverse thresholds by restoring shrub cover but not structural diversity. Therefore, even applying this treatment did not resemble vegetation structure of the reference condition after an extended period of 30 years, but does show how restoration can be improved by native seed sowing compared to passive restoration alone. Our model simulations provide a useful tool to support decision‐making by providing management recommendations for optimizing alien plant‐clearing protocols.

中文翻译:

一种动态建模工具,可预测侵入性植物控制和恢复中非洲小yn的轨迹的有效性

外来入侵植物对生态系统造成负面影响,因此需要采取复杂的管理措施。在南非的fynbos生物群落内的一种极度濒危的植被类型中,进行了一项研究,比较了不同的管理干预措施对由阿拉伯相思入侵的地块的影响。设计了一种动态建模方法来分析现场数据并模拟几种恢复方法的有效性。该模型输入了过去2年中植被恢复率的现场数据,该数据可以外推长时间内的多种恢复轨迹,而这是无法从传统的短期现场调查中获得的。我们的模型模拟表明,清除时在类似降解状态下的不同处理可能会导致完全不同的恢复轨迹。主动播种最初最昂贵,但自然灌木恢复最为成功,从而降低了长期后续相思清除的成本。清理不烧是最便宜的,但导致本地和相思覆盖物的建立受到限制,提供了外星人的次要入侵者进行二次入侵的机会。在这种情况下,可能已经超过了生物阈值,从而阻止了某些植被成分的恢复。主动播种可以通过恢复灌木覆盖而部分逆转阈值,但不能恢复结构多样性。因此,即使经过30年的延长,即使采用这种处理方法也不会类似于参考条件下的植被结构,但是确实显示了与单独的被动恢复相比,原生种子播种可以如何改善恢复。我们的模型仿真通过提供优化外来植物清理协议的管理建议,为支持决策提供了有用的工具。主动播种可以通过恢复灌木覆盖而部分逆转阈值,但不能恢复结构多样性。因此,即使经过30年的延长,即使采用这种处理方法也不会类似于参考条件下的植被结构,但是确实显示了与单独的被动恢复相比,原生种子播种可以如何改善恢复。我们的模型仿真通过提供优化外来植物清理协议的管理建议,为支持决策提供了有用的工具。主动播种可以通过恢复灌木覆盖而部分逆转阈值,但不能恢复结构多样性。因此,即使经过30年的延长,即使采用这种处理方法也不会类似于参考条件下的植被结构,但是确实显示了与单独的被动恢复相比,原生种子播种可以如何改善恢复。我们的模型仿真通过提供优化外来植物清理协议的管理建议,为支持决策提供了有用的工具。
更新日期:2020-11-22
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