Nothofagus (southern beech) species form a major component of southern hemisphere forests, and in many regions are becoming an important focus for restoration efforts. However, restoration projects are predominantly carried out at small, local scales using a wide range of different techniques that have produced mixed results. In order to improve outcomes and develop general strategies for southern beech restoration, we review and compare data from previous trials to determine what techniques have been scientifically tested, identify the most effective methods, and pinpoint gaps in current practices. We assessed the effects of restoration techniques, applied in 91 trials from 22 publications across the southern hemisphere, on seedling survival and growth. Providing shelter improved both seedling survival and growth, controlling weeds improved survival, and protecting from herbivores improved seedling growth. Despite being one of the most commonly applied techniques, fertilizer application only marginally improved seedling survival and did not significantly influence seedling growth. Other techniques, such as increasing glasshouse container size or growth time or manipulating soil before planting, showed mixed results. Surprisingly, no trials examined the use of ectomycorrhizal fungal inoculum as a restoration technique. We discuss the outcomes of this review in the context of our current understanding of southern beech regeneration ecology, to inform future Nothofagus restoration practices and suggest where future research should be directed.

中文翻译：

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恢复南半球山毛榉（Nothofagaceae）森林：一项荟萃分析

Nothofagus（南部山毛榉）物种构成了南半球森林的主要组成部分，并且在许多地区正成为恢复工作的重要重点。但是，修复项目主要是使用各种产生混合结果的不同技术在较小的局部规模上进行的。为了改善结果并制定南部山毛榉修复的一般策略，我们回顾并比较了先前试验的数据，以确定已对哪些技术进行了科学测试，确定了最有效的方法，并指出了当前实践中的差距。我们评估了恢复技术对幼苗存活和生长的影响，该技术在南半球22个出版物的91个试验中得到应用。提供庇护所可改善幼苗存活和生长，控制杂草可改善存活率，保护草食动物可改善幼苗生长。尽管是最常用的技术之一，但施肥仅略微提高了幼苗的存活率，并没有显着影响幼苗的生长。其他技术，例如增加温室容器的大小或生长时间或种植前处理土壤，则显示出不同的结果。出人意料的是，没有试验研究使用外生菌根真菌接种物作为修复技术。我们在当前对南方山毛榉再生生态学的理解的背景下讨论本次审查的结果，以期为将来提供参考 其他技术，例如增加温室容器的大小或生长时间或种植前处理土壤，则显示出不同的结果。出人意料的是，没有试验研究使用外生菌根真菌接种物作为修复技术。我们在当前对南方山毛榉再生生态学的理解的背景下讨论本次审查的结果，以期为将来提供参考 其他技术，例如增加温室容器的大小或生长时间或种植前处理土壤，则显示出不同的结果。出人意料的是，没有试验研究使用外生菌根真菌接种物作为修复技术。我们在当前对南方山毛榉再生生态学的理解的背景下讨论本次审查的结果，以期为将来提供参考Nothofagus的恢复做法，并建议应在未来的研究方向。