Since 2010, next‐generation sequencing platforms have laid the foundation to an exciting phase of discovery in oral microbiology as it relates to oral and systemic health and disease. Next‐generation sequencing has allowed large‐scale oral microbial surveys, based on informative marker genes, such as 16S ribosomal RNA, community gene inventories (metagenomics), and functional analyses (metatranscriptomics), to be undertaken. More specifically, the availability of next‐generation sequencing has also paved the way for studying, in greater depth and breadth, the effect of systemic factors on the periodontal microbiome. It was natural to investigate systemic diseases, such as diabetes, in such studies, along with systemic conditions or states, , pregnancy, menopause, stress, rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus. In addition, in recent years, the relevance of systemic “variables” (ie, factors that are not necessarily diseases or conditions, but may modulate the periodontal microbiome) has been explored in detail. These include ethnicity and genetics. In the present manuscript, we describe and elaborate on the new and confirmatory findings unveiled by next‐generation sequencing as it pertains to systemic factors that may shape the periodontal microbiome. We also explore the systemic and mechanistic basis for such modulation and highlight the importance of those relationships in the management and treatment of patients.

中文翻译：

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全身因素对牙周微生物组形成的影响

自2010年以来，下一代测序平台为口腔微生物学与口腔和全身健康及疾病相关的令人兴奋的发现阶段奠定了基础。下一代测序已允许基于信息性标记基因（例如16S核糖体RNA，社区基因清单（基因组学）和功能分析（元转录组学））进行大规模的口腔微生物调查。更具体地说，下一代测序的可用性也为更深入和广泛地研究系统性因素对牙周微生物组的影响铺平了道路。在这类研究中，自然要研究全身性疾病，例如糖尿病，以及全身性疾病或状况，怀孕，更年期，压力，类风湿性关节炎和系统性红斑狼疮。此外，近年来，系统性“变量”（即不一定是疾病或状况，但可能调节牙周微生物组的因素）的相关性已得到详细探讨。这些包括种族和遗传学。在本手稿中，我们描述并详细阐述了下一代测序技术揭示的新发现和确认性发现，因为它们与可能影响牙周微生物组的系统性因素有关。我们还探讨了这种调节的系统和机理基础，并强调了这些关系在患者管理和治疗中的重要性。我们描述并详细阐述了下一代测序技术揭示的新发现和确认性发现，因为它们与可能影响牙周微生物组的系统性因素有关。我们还探讨了这种调节的系统和机理基础，并强调了这些关系在患者管理和治疗中的重要性。我们描述并详细阐述了下一代测序技术揭示的新发现和确认性发现，因为它们与可能影响牙周微生物组的系统性因素有关。我们还探讨了这种调节的系统和机理基础，并强调了这些关系在患者管理和治疗中的重要性。