Nuclear accidents do not occur frequently, but their biological, psychosocial, and/or economic consequences may be severe. Hence, a thorough preparation for nuclear emergencies is needed to provide appropriate actions. During the transition phase of an accident, it is vital to include stakeholders in the decision‐making process in order to gain support for the recovery strategy to be implemented as well as to share different perspectives, knowledge, and views on the decision problem. Because nuclear accidents are complex, involving many relevant factors that range from technical aspects such as health effects and costs to nontechnical issues such as social acceptance, a multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA) may facilitate the decision‐making process. The aim of this study was to investigate the usefulness of MCDA in the transition phase of a nuclear accident. To this end, an MCDA tool, which uses the weighted sum of a set of normalized criteria, was explored in exercises carried out in panel meetings with a selected set of (largely) governmental stakeholders. The panel meetings were performed in the Netherlands and the Slovak Republic. The exercises were based on a fictitious case study that affected the urban environment of a small city. Prior to the meetings, a set of 8 possible recovery strategies was identified. The use of the MCDA tool showed that it facilitated the decision‐making process because it allowed for a structured and transparent approach in which stakeholders with diverse backgrounds can express their opinions and perspectives and reach consensus on the most appropriate recovery strategy. As such, it could be applied to a broader field of research involving any chemical release that necessitates an extended recovery strategy. Future research is needed in order to incorporate psychosocial effects of a nuclear accident as well as a broader group of stakeholders in exercises. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2021;17:376–387. © 2020 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC)

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核事故后促进决策过程：荷兰和斯洛伐克的案例研究

核事故并不经常发生，但是其生物学，心理和/或经济后果可能很严重。因此，需要对核紧急情况进行彻底的准备，以采取适当的行动。在事故过渡阶段，至关重要的是让利益相关者参与决策过程，以获得对将要实施的恢复策略的支持，并就决策问题分享不同的观点，知识和观点。由于核事故很复杂，涉及许多相关因素，从健康影响和成本等技术方面到社会接受等非技术问题，多标准决策分析（MCDA）可能有助于决策过程。这项研究的目的是调查MCDA在核事故过渡阶段的有用性。为此，在与选定的（主要是）政府利益相关者的小组会议上进行的演习中，探索了使用一组标准化标准的加权总和的MCDA工具。小组会议在荷兰和斯洛伐克共和国举行。演习基于一个虚拟案例研究，该案例影响了一个小城市的城市环境。在会议之前，确定了一套8种可能的恢复策略。MCDA工具的使用表明它有助于决策过程，因为它允许采用结构化和透明的方法，使具有不同背景的利益相关者可以表达自己的意见和观点，并就最合适的恢复策略达成共识。因此，它可以应用于涉及需要延长回收策略的任何化学物质释放的更广泛的研究领域。为了将核事故以及更多利益相关者的心理社会影响纳入演习中，需要进行进一步的研究。Integr环境评估管理2021; 17：376–387。©2020作者。Wiley Periodicals LLC代表环境毒理化学协会（SETAC）出版的《综合环境评估与管理》