Abstract Developing highly efficient catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is a key to the fabrication of commercially viable fuel cell devices for future energy applications. Considerable progress has been made to reduce Pt usage and improve performance of the Pt catalysts by modulating exposed facets of Pt nanocrystals and combining Pt with other metals to generate bimetallic nanocrystals with structures in the form of alloys, core-shells, branches or anisotropies. Apart from the above methods, confining Pt-based nanoparticles (NPs) surfaces with elaborately selected layers such as polymers, silicon or carbons can also lead to an optimized Pt electronic structure, which is beneficial to ORR process. In this minireview, we summarize the recent advancements in the area of surface-confined Pt-based electrocatalysts for ORR with emphasis on introducing the design strategies and synthesis methodologies. The integration of these catalysts into ORR operations and the resulting performance as well as the strengthening mechanisms is also discussed. Meanwhile, the insights into the research directions are proposed in order to shed light on the future development of surface-confined Pt-based ORR catalysts.

中文翻译：

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用于增强氧还原性能的表面限制的 Pt 基催化剂

摘要 开发用于氧还原反应 (ORR) 的高效催化剂是为未来能源应用制造商业上可行的燃料电池装置的关键。通过调节 Pt 纳米晶体的暴露面并将 Pt 与其他金属结合以产生具有合金、核壳、分支或各向异性形式的结构的双金属纳米晶体，在减少 Pt 使用和提高 Pt 催化剂性能方面取得了相当大的进展。除了上述方法外，将 Pt 基纳米粒子 (NPs) 表面限制在精心选择的层，如聚合物、硅或碳，也可以导致优化的 Pt 电子结构，这有利于 ORR 工艺。在这篇小评论中，我们总结了用于 ORR 的表面受限 Pt 基电催化剂领域的最新进展，重点介绍了设计策略和合成方法。还讨论了将这些催化剂整合到 ORR 操作中以及由此产生的性能以及强化机制。同时，提出了对研究方向的见解，以阐明表面限制的 Pt 基 ORR 催化剂的未来发展。