Abstract Several cities around the world have changed their transportation planning paradigm, understanding that the prime goal is to provide access to opportunities for everyone. To address this goal, public transport plays a fundamental role and, therefore, it is key for developing a sustainable and equitable city. This paper proposes a methodology to analyze access to opportunities through public transport incorporating the user's valuation of attributes that impact the level of service on his/her trip and the competitiveness for urban opportunities. Using data from Santiago, Chile, we applied the proposed methodology to analyze accessibility to higher-quality public primary schools. We compare total travel time (TTT) with a proposed measure of total generalized travel time (TGTT) using simple potential and competitive accessibility indicators, accounting for the subjective valuation of walking time, travel time, waiting time, comfort and transfers, and translating them into in-vehicle time units. We find that the inclusion of competition has a more substantial impact than including the subjective valuation of the level of service in the accessibility to educational opportunities. Using competitive measures with TGTT, we found that around 20% of the zones in Santiago have at least a 50% deficit of higher-quality public education, and 71% of them are in peripheral areas. Furthermore, these zones, where medium and low-income population usually lives, can experience, on average, 1–2 transfers, 4–5 passengers per square meter, and 15-min waiting. We conclude that the proposed methodology provides a more comprehensive way to understand accessibility by incorporating the traveling experience, allowing to determine how and where to intervene to effectively improve accessibility, with a focus on urban equity.

中文翻译：

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考虑服务水平和城市机会竞争的公共交通可达性：智利圣地亚哥教育公平分析

摘要 世界上的一些城市已经改变了他们的交通规划范式，认识到主要目标是为每个人提供机会。为实现这一目标，公共交通发挥着重要作用，因此，它是发展可持续和公平城市的关键。本文提出了一种方法来分析通过公共交通获得的机会，结合用户对影响他/她旅行的服务水平和城市机会竞争力的属性的评估。使用来自智利圣地亚哥的数据，我们应用了建议的方法来分析高质量公立小学的可及性。我们使用简单的潜在和有竞争力的可达性指标将总旅行时间 (TTT) 与建议的总广义旅行时间 (TGTT) 进行比较，考虑步行时间、旅行时间、等待时间、舒适度和换乘的主观评估，并对其进行翻译成车内时间单位。我们发现，在教育机会的可及性中，包含竞争比将服务水平的主观评价包含在内具有更大的影响。使用 TGTT 的竞争措施，我们发现圣地亚哥大约 20% 的地区至少有 50% 的地区缺乏高质量的公共教育，其中 71% 位于外围地区。此外，这些中低收入人群通常居住的区域，平均可以体验1-2次中转，每平方米4-5名乘客，和 15 分钟的等待。我们得出的结论是，所提出的方法通过结合旅行体验，提供了一种更全面的理解可达性的方法，允许确定如何以及在何处进行干预以有效改善可达性，重点是城市公平。