Abstract Modern Cyber-physical Systems (CPS) include applications like smart traffic, smart agriculture, smart power grid, etc. Commonly, these systems are distributed and composed of end-user applications and microservices that typically run in the cloud. The connection with the physical world, which is inherent to CPS, brings the need to operate and respond in real-time. As the cloud becomes part of the computation loop, the real-time requirements have to be also reflected by the cloud. In this paper, we present an approach that provides soft real-time guarantees on the response time of services running in cloud and edge-cloud (i.e., cloud geographically close to the end-user), where these services are developed in high-level programming languages. In particular, we elaborate a method that allows us to predict the upper bound of the response time of a service when sharing the same computer with other services. Importantly, as our approach focuses on minimizing the impact on the developer of such services, it does not require any special programming model nor limits usage of common libraries, etc.

中文翻译：

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管理边缘云环境中的延迟

摘要 现代信息物理系统（CPS）包括智能交通、智能农业、智能电网等应用。通常，这些系统是分布式的，由终端用户应用和通常在云中运行的微服务组成。CPS 固有的与物理世界的联系带来了实时操作和响应的需求。随着云成为计算循环的一部分，实时要求也必须由云反映出来。在本文中，我们提出了一种为在云和边缘云（即在地理上靠近最终用户的云）中运行的服务的响应时间提供软实时保证的方法，其中这些服务是在高级别的编程语言。特别是，我们阐述了一种方法，当与其他服务共享同一台计算机时，该方法允许我们预测服务响应时间的上限。重要的是，由于我们的方法侧重于最大限度地减少对此类服务的开发人员的影响，因此它不需要任何特殊的编程模型，也不需要限制公共库的使用等。