Abstract Transition-metal sulfide is one of the most promising anode candidates for lithium/sodium-ion batteries, but the extreme volume expansion leads to serious capacity decay during long-term cycling which limits its large-scale application. Herein, we designed a simple hydrothermal synthesis method combined with a membrane technology to fabricate flower-like SnS2 nanosheets uniformly anchored in the pores of the carbon membrane. The unique design demonstrated that an abundant membrane pore space was provided by the membrane technology for uniform growth of SnS2 nanosheet via a C S covalent bond. Meanwhile, the membrane pores and pore walls effectively relieved the volume expansion of SnS2 nanosheets during the charge/discharge process. Further, the even interpenetrating network structure of carbon membrane conductive scaffolds ensured its flexibility and structural integrity as anodes, which can provide plentiful charge transfer channels and large volume reservoirs for ion transmission. When the resulting composites were served as anodes, it achieved prominent electrochemical properties. The maximum reversible capacitance is 808.9 mA h g−1 for LIBs and 570.4 mA h g−1 for SIBs at 50 mA g−1, and outstanding rate capability was still maintained [333.3 mA h g−1 (LIBs) and 257.1 mA h g−1 (SIBs)] even at 2000 mA g−1. Moreover, almost no capacity loss was detected after the first few cycles during long-term cycles, fully suggesting that the membrane pores powerfully alleviated the volume expansion of SnS2 nanosheets and improved the cycle stability. Considering the positive effects of the unique porous structure provided by membrane technology on the electrochemical performance of the hybrid, the study offers an effective, simple, and low-cost strategy for large-scale production of SnS2-based anodes for the battery.

中文翻译：

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碳膜3D互穿网络多孔结构对减轻SnS2纳米片体积膨胀以增强锂和钠储存的积极作用

摘要 过渡金属硫化物是锂/钠离子电池最有前景的负极材料之一，但其极端的体积膨胀导致长期循环过程中容量严重衰减，限制了其大规模应用。在此，我们设计了一种简单的水热合成方法结合膜技术来制造均匀锚定在碳膜孔中的花状 SnS2 纳米片。独特的设计表明，膜技术提供了丰富的膜孔隙空间，用于通过 CS 共价键均匀生长 SnS2 纳米片。同时，膜孔和孔壁有效缓解了充放电过程中SnS2纳米片的体积膨胀。更多，碳膜导电支架的均匀互穿网络结构确保了其作为阳极的灵活性和结构完整性，可以为离子传输提供丰富的电荷转移通道和大容量库。当所得复合材料用作阳极时，它获得了显着的电化学性能。在 50 mA g-1 时，LIBs 的最大可逆电容为 808.9 mA hg-1，SIBs 的最大可逆电容为 570.4 mA hg-1，并且仍然保持出色的倍率能力 [333.3 mA hg-1 (LIBs) 和 257.1 mA hg-1 ( SIBs)] 甚至在 2000 mA g-1。此外，在长期循环中的前几个循环后几乎没有检测到容量损失，充分表明膜孔有力地缓解了 SnS2 纳米片的体积膨胀并提高了循环稳定性。