A series of (Cu0.5Tl0.5)Ba2Ca2Cu3O10-δ superconducting samples impregnated with different percentage additions of potassium salt {CoSiW11}x nanoparticles (x = 0.00, 0.01, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08 and 0.12 wt.%) were prepared using a single-step solid-state reaction technique at ambient pressure. These samples were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) to study their structures, construction of the synthesized samples and elemental composition, respectively. XRD studies indicate that the tetragonal structure of (Cu0.5Tl0.5)-1223 phase has not changed by the addition of {CoSiW11} nanoparticles the same as for the values of lattice parameters a and c, where they show a non-remarkable change. The relative volume fraction of (CuTl)-1223 phase record a maximum value for x = 0.02 wt.%. The formation of (CuTl)-1223 phase matches the presence of rectangular-shaped plates seen in SEM images. The enhancement of these plates after the addition of {CoSiW11} nanoparticles up to x = 0.02 wt.% agreed with the measurements of relative volume fraction. The mass percentage of all elements was measured using the EDX technique, which shows the distribution composition of both superconductor and nanoparticle compounds. Vibrational mode analyses of oxygen were accomplished via Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy in (CuTl)-1223 phase impregnated with {CoSiW11} nanoparticles. The Oδ oxygen modes observed are almost unaltered while the other oxygen modes of planar CuO2 are slightly softened and hardened. Superconducting transition temperature (Tc) and critical current density (Jc) were determined from the electrical resistivity and I–V measurements, respectively. The results indicate an increase in the Tc values from 125 K for the pure sample to 132 K for x = 0.02 wt.% impregnated samples, while a decrease in the Jc values is observed upon increasing ‘x’ value from x = 0.00 up to 0.12 wt.%. The suppression of these electrical superconducting parameters for x > 0.02 wt.% may be due to an increase of weak links' connectivity among the grain boundaries and growth of impurity phases that affect the formation of (CuTl)-1223 superconductor phase. The fluctuation-induced conductivity (FIC) analysis has been done in the light of the Aslamasov–Larkin (AL) theory to study the fluctuation conductivity Δσ above Tc as a function of reduced temperature for (CoSiW11)x/(CuTl)-1223 superconductor. The results show four non-identical fluctuation regions that are short-wave (Sw), two-dimensional (2D), three-dimensional (3D) and critical (Cr). The zero-temperature coherence length ( $${\xi }_{c}(0)$$ ), the effective layer thickness of the two-dimensional system (d), inter-layer coupling (I), Fermi velocity (vF) and Fermi energy (EF) were evaluated as a function of ‘x’ addition from FIC analysis of the samples and then correlated to the superconductivity order parameters. The superconducting parameters were increased upon the addition of {CoSiW11} nanoparticles.

中文翻译：

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(Cu0.5Tl0.5)Ba2Ca2Cu3O10-δ 浸渍单钴 (II) 取代的十一钨硅酸盐纳米粒子的物理性质研究

制备了一系列 (Cu0.5Tl0.5)Ba2Ca2Cu3O10-δ 超导样品，这些样品浸渍了不同百分比的钾盐 {CoSiW11}x 纳米颗粒（x = 0.00、0.01、0.02、0.04、0.06、0.08 和 0.12%）。在环境压力下使用单步固态反应技术。这些样品分别通过粉末 X 射线衍射 (XRD)、扫描电子显微镜 (SEM) 和能量色散 X 射线光谱 (EDX) 进行表征，以研究它们的结构、合成样品的构造和元素组成。XRD 研究表明 (Cu0.5Tl0.5)-1223 相的四方结构没有因添加 {CoSiW11} 纳米粒子而改变，与晶格参数 a 和 c 的值相同，它们显示出不显着的变化. (CuTl)-1223 相的相对体积分数记录了 x = 0.02 wt.% 的最大值。(CuTl)-1223 相的形成与 SEM 图像中看到的矩形板的存在相匹配。添加 {CoSiW11} 纳米粒子后这些板的增强达到 x = 0.02 wt.% 与相对体积分数的测量结果一致。使用 EDX 技术测量所有元素的质量百分比，该技术显示了超导体和纳米粒子化合物的分布组成。通过傅立叶变换红外 (FTIR) 光谱在用 {CoSiW11} 纳米颗粒浸渍的 (CuTl)-1223 相中完成氧的振动模式分析。观察到的 Oδ 氧模式几乎没有改变，而平面 CuO2 的其他氧模式略有软化和硬化。超导转变温度 (Tc) 和临界电流密度 (Jc) 分别由电阻率和 I-V 测量值确定。结果表明 Tc 值从纯样品的 125 K 增加到 x = 0.02 wt.% 浸渍样品的 132 K，同时观察到 Jc 值在“x”值从 x = 0.00 增加到0.12 重量％。当 x > 0.02 wt.% 时，这些电超导参数的抑制可能是由于晶界之间弱连接连接的增加和影响 (CuTl)-1223 超导体相形成的杂质相的生长。已经根据 Aslamasov-Larkin (AL) 理论进行了波动诱导电导率 (FIC) 分析，以研究 (CoSiW11)x/(CuTl)-1223 超导体在 Tc 以上作为降低温度的函数的波动电导率 Δσ . 结果显示了四个不同的波动区域，即短波 (Sw)、二维 (2D)、三维 (3D) 和临界 (Cr)。零温相干长度 ( $${\xi }_{c}(0)$$ )、二维系统的有效层厚 (d)、层间耦合 (I)、费米速度 (vF ) 和费米能量 (EF) 作为来自样品 FIC 分析的“x”加法的函数进行评估，然后与超导阶参数相关联。添加 {CoSiW11} 纳米颗粒后，超导参数增加。结果显示了四个不同的波动区域，即短波 (Sw)、二维 (2D)、三维 (3D) 和临界 (Cr)。零温相干长度 ( $${\xi }_{c}(0)$$ )、二维系统的有效层厚 (d)、层间耦合 (I)、费米速度 (vF ) 和费米能量 (EF) 作为来自样品 FIC 分析的“x”加法的函数进行评估，然后与超导阶参数相关联。添加 {CoSiW11} 纳米颗粒后，超导参数增加。结果显示了四个不同的波动区域，即短波 (Sw)、二维 (2D)、三维 (3D) 和临界 (Cr)。零温相干长度 ( $${\xi }_{c}(0)$$ )、二维系统的有效层厚 (d)、层间耦合 (I)、费米速度 (vF ) 和费米能量 (EF) 作为来自样品 FIC 分析的“x”加法的函数进行评估，然后与超导阶参数相关联。添加 {CoSiW11} 纳米颗粒后，超导参数增加。层间耦合 (I)、费米速度 (vF) 和费米能量 (EF) 被评估为来自样品 FIC 分析的“x”添加的函数，然后与超导阶参数相关联。添加 {CoSiW11} 纳米颗粒后，超导参数增加。层间耦合 (I)、费米速度 (vF) 和费米能量 (EF) 被评估为来自样品 FIC 分析的“x”添加的函数，然后与超导阶参数相关联。添加 {CoSiW11} 纳米颗粒后，超导参数增加。