Objectives Man is always conscious about his health, and is well being challenged by many diseases. These diseases are directly causing hazards and most of them are transmitted through a vector. These vectors (mostly insects) have the ability to transfer / spread pathogenic organisms and that have the potential to cause severe epidemics. The house fly, Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae) plays a leading role in spreading more than 100 human and animal diseases. House fly is an eternal issue and mostly the management tactics rely on the use of chemicals either as spray, fumigants or baits. Unauthenticated behavior of these chemicals creates lethal effects on biological ecosystem, furthermore these measures may not be an effective options for outdoor management. For natural and safe option, bio-control strategy is being utilized to make environment healthy and clean. The present study was a part of such effort to use this strategy and validate the biological performance of the potential pupal parasitoid Dirhinus giffardii Silvestri against house fly and provide alternative and safe control of filthy flies. This is the first report on parasitism potential of D. giffardii Silvestri against house fly. Results The D. giffardii Silvestri, 1913 (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae), early reported as an effective pupal parasitoid of tephritid flies, here in the case presented, showed overall 70% reduction in the house fly population by parasitizing pupae. The parasitism efficiency and longevity of hymenopteran parasitoid was remarkably noted two-fold higher on house fly pupae as compared to primary hosts (Tephritids). An amazing results were recorded on house fly parasitism, where, female production was increased one fold as compared to tephritids. Furthermore, sex ratio of the resultant progeny was also confirmed the dominancy of female by 74% as compared to males. Based on the unique and remarkable findings we therefore conclude that D. giffardii is the best bio-control agent for controlling house flies and provide healthy, clean and ecofriendly environment.

中文翻译：

---

鳞翅目膜翅目寄生拟南芥（Dirhinus giffardii Silvestri）严重干扰了家蝇生产

目标人一直对自己的健康意识很强，并且正受到许多疾病的挑战。这些疾病直接造成危害，其中大多数是通过媒介传播的。这些媒介（大多数是昆虫）具有转移/传播病原生物的能力，并有可能引起严重的流行病。家蝇（家蝇）（双翅目：蝇科）在传播100多种人类和动物疾病中起着主导作用。家蝇是一个永恒的问题，大多数管理策略都依赖于使用化学药品（例如喷雾剂，熏蒸剂或诱饵）。这些化学物质未经验证的行为会对生物生态系统造成致命影响，此外，这些措施可能不是室外管理的有效选择。为了获得自然而安全的选择，生物控制策略正在被用来使环境健康和清洁。本研究是使用这种策略并验证潜在的p寄生寄生吉氏ard对家蝇的生物学性能并提供对蝇蝇的替代和安全控制的努力的一部分。这是关于吉菲氏菌Silvestri对家蝇的寄生潜能的首次报道。结果1913年的D. giffardii Silvestri（膜翅目：金龟科）早期被报道为一种有效的t实蝇p寄生虫，在此例中，通过寄生p使家蝇种群总体减少了70％。值得注意的是，膜翅目寄生的寄生虫的效率和寿命比主要寄主（Tephritids）高两倍。在家蝇寄生虫上记录了惊人的结果，其中雌性产量比特非瑞德氏菌提高了1倍。此外，也证实了后代的性别比，女性占男性的74％。因此，基于独特而显着的发现，我们得出结论，吉菲氏衣藻是控制家蝇并提供健康，清洁和生态环境的最佳生物防治剂。