Limiting post-meal glycemic response is an important factor in reducing the risk of chronic metabolic diseases, and contributes to significant health benefits in people with elevated levels of blood sugar. In this study, we collected gut microbiome activity (i.e., metatranscriptomic) data and measured the glycemic responses of 550 adults who consumed more than 27,000 meals from omnivore or vegetarian/gluten-free diets. We demonstrate that gut microbiome activity makes a statistically significant contribution to individual variation in glycemic response, in addition to anthropometric factors and the nutritional composition of foods. We describe a predictive model (multilevel mixed-effects regression) of variation in glycemic response among individuals ingesting the same foods. We introduce functional features aggregated from microbial activity data as candidates for association with mechanisms of glycemic control. In summary, we demonstrate for the first time that metatranscriptomic activity of the gut microbiome is correlated with glycemic response among adults.

中文翻译：

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肠道微生物组活性有助于成年人血糖反应的个体变化

限制餐后血糖反应是降低慢性代谢疾病风险的重要因素，并且有助于血糖水平升高的人的健康益处。在这项研究中，我们收集了肠道微生物组活性（即转录组）数据，并测量了550名成年人的血糖反应，这些成年人从杂食或无素食/无麸质饮食中摄入了27,000多顿饭。我们证明，除了人体测量因素和食物的营养成分外，肠道微生物组活性对血糖反应中的个体变异具有统计学上的显着贡献。我们描述了摄入相同食物的个体中血糖反应变化的预测模型（多级混合效应回归）。我们介绍从微生物活动数据汇总的功能特征，作为与血糖控制机制关联的候选者。总而言之，我们首次证明了肠道微生物组的转录组活性与成年人的血糖反应相关。