Abstract A fascinating photonic platform with a small device scale, fast operating speed, as well as low energy consumption is two-dimensional (2D) materials, thanks to their in-plane crystalline structures and out-of-plane quantum confinement. The key to further advancement in this research field is the ability to modify the optical properties of the 2D materials. The modifications typically come from the materials themselves, for example, altering their chemical compositions. This article reviews a comparably less explored but promising means, through engineering the photonic surroundings. Rather than modifying materials themselves, this means manipulates the dielectric and metallic environments, both uniform and nanostructured, that directly interact with the materials. For 2D materials that are only one or a few atoms thick, the interaction with the environment can be remarkably efficient. This review summarizes the three degrees of freedom of this interaction: weak coupling, strong coupling, and multifunctionality. In addition, it reviews a relatively timing concept of engineering that directly applied to the 2D materials by patterning. Benefiting from the burgeoning development of nanophotonics, the engineering of photonic environments provides a versatile and creative methodology of reshaping light–matter interaction in 2D materials.

中文翻译：

---

二维材料的工程光子环境

摘要 由于二维 (2D) 材料具有面内晶体结构和面外量子限制，因此具有器件规模小、运行速度快、能耗低的迷人光子平台是一种迷人的光子平台。在该研究领域取得进一步进展的关键是能够修改 2D 材料的光学特性。修改通常来自材料本身，例如，改变它们的化学成分。本文通过设计光子环境，回顾了一种相对较少探索但有前途的方法。这意味着不是修改材料本身，而是操纵与材料直接相互作用的均匀和纳米结构的介电和金属环境。对于只有一个或几个原子厚的二维材料，与环境的互动可以非常有效。这篇综述总结了这种交互的三个自由度：弱耦合、强耦合和多功能性。此外，它还回顾了一个相对时序的工程概念，该概念通过图案化直接应用于 2D 材料。受益于纳米光子学的迅速发展，光子环境工程提供了一种多功能和创造性的方法来重塑二维材料中的光-物质相互作用。