In order to reveal the pollution characteristics and sources of heavy metals in surface soil of the region around the Qinghai Lake in Tibet Plateau, improve the prevention awareness and measures of local residents and urge the local government to implement necessary prevention and control measures, nine heavy metals (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) in the surface soil samples of the region around the Qinghai Lake have been collected and analyzed. The methods such as statistic method, geo-accumulation index method, Nemerow index method, potential ecological risk index method, human health risk evaluation method and positive matrix factor analysis model (PMF) have been used to evaluate pollution characteristics and potential risks and analyze the sources of heavy metals. The results are shown below. First, the average contents of heavy metals (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) in soil are 11.73 ± 3.78, 0.62 ± 1.40, 12.38 ± 3.68, 41.35 ± 13.01, 19.33 ± 8.92, 546.96 ± 159.28, 21.18 ± 7.04, 21.86 ± 6.61 and 63.51 ± 19.71 mg·kg−1, respectively. Compared with the background values of the soil environment in Qinghai Province, it can be seen that there is an accumulation of these heavy metals to varying degrees, which is the most serious in Cd, Co and Pb. Second, the analysis of the geo-accumulation index and Nemerow index indicates that the heavy metals in the surface soil of the region around the Qinghai Lake have reached the level of heavy pollution, mainly polluted by Cd, and the accumulation of heavy metal pollution in the north, south, southwest and southeast of the study area is more serious. Third, the results of potential ecological risk evaluation show that the study area as a whole is classified as an area with high ecological risk, and Cd contributes the most to the overall risk. In fact, the heavy metals in the soil of the study area produce no noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic health risks to human health, and children and adults may be exposed to these risks by the mouth. Finally, the PMF results reveal that the sources of heavy metals in the study area include the sources of agricultural production, the nature, coal burning and transportation, with a contribution rate of 43.10%, 25.34%, 19.67% and 11.89%, respectively.

中文翻译：

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青藏高原青海湖周边地区表层土壤重金属研究：污染风险评价与污染源分析

为揭示青藏高原青海湖周边地区表层土壤重金属污染特征及来源，提高当地居民的预防意识和措施，督促当地政府落实必要的防控措施，九重收集分析了青海湖周边地区表层土壤样品中的金属（As、Cd、Co、Cr、Cu、Mn、Ni、Pb和Zn）。运用统计法、地累积指数法、内梅罗指数法、潜在生态风险指数法、人类健康风险评价法和正矩阵因子分析模型（PMF）等方法对污染特征和潜在风险进行评价和分析。重金属的来源。结果如下所示。第一的，土壤中重金属（As、Cd、Co、Cr、Cu、Mn、Ni、Pb、Zn）的平均含量为11.73±3.78、0.62±1.40、12.38±3.68、41.35±13.01、19.33、±8.92分别为 159.28、21.18 ± 7.04、21.86 ± 6.61 和 63.51 ± 19.71 mg·kg-1。与青海省土壤环境背景值相比，可以看出这些重金属存在不同程度的积累，其中以Cd、Co和Pb最为严重。二是地积累指数和内梅罗指数分析表明，青海湖周边地区表层土壤重金属已达到重污染水平，主要受Cd污染，且研究区的北部、南部、西南和东南部较为严重。第三，潜在生态风险评价结果表明，研究区整体属于高生态风险区，Cd对整体风险贡献最大。事实上，研究区土壤中的重金属不会对人体健康产生非致癌和致癌的健康风险，儿童和成人可能会通过口腔接触到这些风险。最后，PMF结果表明，研究区重金属来源包括农业生产来源、自然环境、煤炭燃烧和运输，贡献率分别为43.10%、25.34%、19.67%和11.89%。研究区土壤中的重金属不会对人类健康产生非致癌和致癌的健康风险，儿童和成人可能通过口腔接触这些风险。最后，PMF结果表明，研究区重金属来源包括农业生产来源、自然环境、煤炭燃烧和运输，贡献率分别为43.10%、25.34%、19.67%和11.89%。研究区土壤中的重金属不会对人类健康产生非致癌和致癌的健康风险，儿童和成人可能通过口腔接触这些风险。最后，PMF结果表明，研究区重金属来源包括农业生产来源、自然环境、煤炭燃烧和运输，贡献率分别为43.10%、25.34%、19.67%和11.89%。