Camouflaging refers to behavioral adaptations that individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), especially females, use to mask symptoms during social situations. Compensation is a component of camouflaging in which an individual's observed behavior is considerably better than actual ability. The study explored diagnostic, sex‐based, and compensatory differences using the Contextual Assessment of Social Skills (CASS). The sample included 161 youth 10:0‐to‐16:11 years (115 males, 46 females). T‐tests were performed based on sex (female, male) or High (good ADOS + poor Theory of Mind (TOM)) compared to Low (poor ADOS + poor TOM) Compensation groups. Comparisons were examined for Social Affect (SA), Restricted Repetitive Behavior, (RRB), IQ, social behavior (Positive Affect, Overall Involvement) and communication (Vocal Expression, Gestures). Females exhibited fewer RRB t(158) = 3.05, P = 0.003, d = 0.54. For the CASS, females evidenced more Vocal Expressiveness t(157) = −2.03, P = 0.05, d = 0.35, which corroborates sex‐based differences in the literature. Compensation group differences indicated the High compared to Low group showed stronger Social and Communication behaviors on the CASS for Vocal Expression t(72) = 2.56, P = 0.01, d = 0.62, and overall rapport t(72) = 2.36, P = 0.02, d = 0.56. Several differences were observed when the groups were stratified based on level of compensation, with the High compensation participants showing stronger social engagement and communication behaviors. Findings may inform efforts to understand camouflaging, compensation, and clinical practices for male and female adolescents with ASD. A more nuanced consideration of camouflaging alongside compensation models reveals subtle differences in cognition, behavior, and affect that may reflect underlying profiles of challenge and strength in youth with ASD.

中文翻译：

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自闭症的伪装：检查社会认知和交流中基于性别和补偿的模型

伪装是指自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 患者，尤其是女性，在社交场合中用来掩盖症状的行为适应。补偿是伪装的一个组成部分，其中个人观察到的行为比实际能力要好得多。该研究使用社会技能情境评估 (CASS) 探索了诊断性、基于性别和补偿性的差异。样本包括 161 名 10:0 至 16:11 岁的青年（115 名男性，46 名女性）。与低（差 ADOS + 差 TOM）补偿组相比，根据性别（女性、男性）或高（良好的 ADOS + 差的心理理论 (TOM)）进行 T 检验。检查了社会影响（SA）、限制重复行为（RRB）、智商、社会行为（积极影响、整体参与）和交流（声音表达、手势）的比较。t (158) = 3.05，P = 0.003，d = 0.54。对于 CASS，女性表现出更多的声乐表现力t (157) = -2.03, P = 0.05, d = 0.35，这证实了文献中基于性别的差异。薪酬组差异表明，高组与低组相比，在 CASS 中表现出更强的社交和交流行为，声乐表达t (72) = 2.56，P = 0.01，d = 0.62，整体关系t (72) = 2.36，P = 0.02 , d= 0.56。当根据薪酬水平对各组进行分层时，观察到了一些差异，高薪酬参与者表现出更强的社会参与和沟通行为。研究结果可能有助于了解患有 ASD 的男性和女性青少年的伪装、补偿和临床实践。对伪装和补偿模型进行更细致的考虑揭示了认知、行为和情感方面的细微差异，这可能反映了 ASD 青少年挑战和力量的潜在特征。