Abstract Over the years, a number of methodological variations in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) have been attempted for the separation of milk proteins. Caseins are similar in size and differ very little in net charge from each other. Also, in heated milk, κ-casein not only complexes with whey proteins but also undergoes self-polymerisation. These cause problems in the resolution of milk proteins and encouraged researchers to modify PAGE. Seven different types of PAGE, i.e., native-PAGE, urea-PAGE, reducing-sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS)-PAGE, non-reducing-SDS-PAGE, urea-SDS-PAGE, tricine-PAGE, and two-dimensional electrophoresis (2DE), are reviewed with particular emphasis on the pattern of milk protein electrophoretograms, merits, demerits and applications. Although the literature suggests that SDS-PAGE is increasingly used for separating milk proteins, other forms of PAGE have their own advantage. This review can act as a quick screening aid for researchers in selecting an appropriate type of PAGE for the separation of milk proteins for different purposes.

中文翻译：

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聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳上牛奶蛋白质的分离方法：关键分析和更好分辨率的选项

摘要 多年来，人们尝试在聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳 (PAGE) 中采用多种方法来分离牛奶蛋白质。酪蛋白大小相似，彼此之间的净电荷差异很小。此外，在加热的牛奶中，κ-酪蛋白不仅与乳清蛋白复合，而且还进行自聚合。这些会导致牛奶蛋白质的分辨率出现问题，并鼓励研究人员修改 PAGE。七种不同类型的PAGE，即native-PAGE、urea-PAGE、还原-十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)-PAGE、非还原-SDS-PAGE、urea-SDS-PAGE、tricine-PAGE和二维电泳(2DE)，特别强调了牛奶蛋白电泳图的模式、优点、缺点和应用。尽管文献表明 SDS-PAGE 越来越多地用于分离牛奶蛋白质，但其他形式的 PAGE 也有其自身的优势。该综述可作为研究人员的快速筛选辅助工具，帮助他们选择合适的 PAGE 类型，以针对不同目的分离乳蛋白。