Abstract Mediterranean islands face significant environmental challenges due to their high population density, reliance on imports, and water scarcity, exacerbated by increasing risks from climate change. Nature-based solutions (NbS) could address these challenges sustainably and with multiple benefits, but their uptake in policy and planning is limited, and stakeholder perspectives are conspicuously lacking from current research. Here, we report the results of a collaborative, multi-stakeholder exercise to identify priority knowledge needs (KNs) that could enhance the uptake of NbS in Mediterranean islands. We used a well-established iterative prioritisation method based on a modified Delphi process. This was conducted by the authors, environmental policy and practice stakeholders from across the Mediterranean islands, representing business, government, NGOs and research. We developed a long list of potential KNs through individual submissions, and prioritised them through voting, discussion and scoring. Excepting workshop discussion, all individual contributions were anonymous. We present the 47 resulting KNs in rank order, classified by whether they can be addressed by knowledge synthesis and further research, or demand action in policy and practice. The top priority KNs are i) a more precise definition of NbS, ii) which NbS are adapted to dry Mediterranean conditions? iii) how to increase the adoption and use of NbS in urban plans?, iv) how can buildings and built-up areas be modified to accommodate green infrastructure and v) cost-benefit analysis of urban green spaces. In collaboration with these stakeholders, our findings will determine future research strategies on NbS implementation in the Mediterranean islands.

中文翻译：

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在地中海岛屿实施基于自然的解决方案的优先知识需求

摘要 地中海岛屿由于人口密度高、依赖进口和水资源短缺而面临着重大的环境挑战，而气候变化风险的增加则加剧了这一挑战。基于自然的解决方案 (NbS) 可以可持续地应对这些挑战并带来多种好处，但它们在政策和规划中的应用有限，而且当前的研究明显缺乏利益相关者的观点。在这里，我们报告了一项协作性、多利益相关者活动的结果，以确定优先知识需求 (KNs)，这可以提高地中海岛屿对 NbS 的吸收。我们使用了一种基于改进的 Delphi 过程的完善的迭代优先级排序方法。这是由来自地中海岛屿各地的作者、环境政策和实践利益相关者进行的，他们代表企业、政府、非政府组织和研究。我们通过个人提交列出了一长串潜在的 KN，并通过投票、讨论和评分对它们进行优先排序。除了研讨会讨论，所有个人贡献都是匿名的。我们按等级顺序呈现 47 个由此产生的 KN，按照它们是否可以通过知识综合和进一步研究来解决，或者是否需要在政策和实践中采取行动进行分类。最优先的 KN 是 i) 更精确的 NbS 定义，ii) 哪些 NbS 适合干燥的地中海条件？iii) 如何在城市规划中增加 NbS 的采用和使用？, iv) 如何修改建筑物和建成区以适应绿色基础设施以及 v) 城市绿地的成本效益分析。与这些利益相关者合作，