Objective

To evaluate the influence of hydrophilicity on the surface integrity of implants after insertion in low-density artificial bone and to determine the distribution of titanium (Ti) particles along the bone bed.

Methods

Forty-eight dental implants with different designs (Titamax Ex, Facility, Alvim, and Drive) and surface treatments (Neoporos® and Aqua™) were inserted into artificial bone blocks with density compatible with bone type III-IV. Hydrophobic Neoporos® surfaces were obtained by sandblasting and acid etching while hydrophilic Aqua™ surfaces were obtained by sandblasting, acid etching, and storage in an isotonic 0.9% NaCl solution. The surface integrity was evaluated by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and the surface roughness parameters (Sa, Sp, Ssk, Sdr, Spk, Sk, and Svk) and surface area were measured with Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy before and after installation. Bone beds were inspected with Digital Microscopy and micro X-Ray Fluorescence (μ-XRF) to analyze the metallic element distribution along the bone bed.

Results

Acqua™ implants had higher initial Sa and a pronounced reduction of Sa and Sp during insertion, compared to NeoPoros® implants. After insertion, Sa and Sp of Acqua™ and NeoPoros® implants equalized, differing only between designs of Acqua™ implants. Surface damage was observed after insertion, mainly in the apical region. Facility implants that are made of TiG5 released fewer debris particles, while the highest Ti intensity was detected in the cervical region of the Titamax Ex Acqua™ and Drive Acqua™ implants.

Significance

Physicochemical modifications to achieve surface hydrophilicity created a rougher surface that was more susceptible to surface alterations, resulting in more Ti particle release into the bone bed during surgical insertion. The higher Ti intensities detected in the cervical region of bone beds may be related to peri-implantitis and marginal bone resorption.

中文翻译：

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植入低密度人造骨后，植入物表面亲水性是否会影响表面完整性的维持？

目的

评估亲水性对植入低密度人造骨后植入物表面完整性的影响，并确定钛（Ti）颗粒沿骨床的分布。

方法

将具有不同设计（Titamax Ex，Facility，Alvim和Drive）和表面处理（Neoporos®和Aqua™）的四十八种牙科植入物插入密度与III-IV型骨相容的人造骨块中。通过喷砂和酸蚀获得疏水性Neoporos®表面，而通过喷砂，酸蚀并存储在等渗的0.9％NaCl溶液中获得亲水性Aqua™表面。在安装之前和之后，通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）评估表面完整性，并通过激光扫描共聚焦显微镜测量表面粗糙度参数（Sa，Sp，Ssk，Sdr，Spk，Sk和Svk）和表面积。用数字显微镜和微型X射线荧光（μ-XRF）检查骨床，以分析金属元素沿骨床的分布。

结果

与NeoPoros®植入物相比，Acqua™植入物在插入过程中具有更高的初始Sa值，并且Sa和Sp明显降低。插入后，Acqua™和NeoPoros®植入物的Sa和Sp相等，仅在Acqua™植入物的设计之间有所不同。插入后，主要在根尖区域观察到表面损伤。由TiG5制成的设施植入物释放的碎屑颗粒较少，而在Titamax Ex Acqua™和Drive Acqua™植入物的宫颈区域中检测到最高的Ti强度。

意义

为实现表面亲水性而进行的物理化学修饰产生了一个较粗糙的表面，该表面更容易受到表面变化的影响，从而导致在外科手术插入过程中更多的Ti颗粒释放到骨床中。在骨床的颈部区域检测到较高的Ti强度可能与种植体周围炎和边缘骨吸收有关。