Abstract In this work, the interfacial microstructures and adsorption mechanisms of benzohydroxamic acid (BHA) on Pb2+-activated cassiterite (110) surface were investigated by means of Raman spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. AFM images showed that the roughness value of the natural cassiterite surfaces decreased after the treatment of Pb2+ and BHA with respect to the clean surface. The experimental high-resolution XPS spectra and the DFT calculated spectral lines consistently showed that the major surface species was the Pb-BHA complex on the cassiterite surface. The new peak of N1s at 401.88 eV in the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of cassiterite surface treated by BHA showed that BHA could be also chemically adsorbed on the surface. The Raman spectra revealed that the peak around 268 cm−1 should be attributed to the Pb-O bonds in the interface bonding structure of BHA-Pb-O≡. HR-TEM images of the clean, Pb2+ and Pb2+||BHA (adding BHA after Pb2+)-treated interfaces further demonstrated the interfacial microstructures. This work showed a new light on the understanding of the interface adsorption mechanism of flotation reagent and the activation mechanism of metal ion on oxidized mineral.

中文翻译：

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苯异羟肟酸在 Pb2+ 活化锡石 (110) 表面的界面微观结构和吸附机制

摘要 本工作通过拉曼光谱、原子力显微镜 (AFM)、X 射线光电子能谱 (XPS) 等手段研究了苯异羟肟酸 (BHA) 在 Pb2+ 活化的锡石 (110) 表面的界面微观结构和吸附机制，高分辨率透射电子显微镜 (HR-TEM) 和密度泛函理论 (DFT) 计算。AFM 图像显示，相对于清洁表面，经过 Pb2+ 和 BHA 处理后，天然锡石表面的粗糙度值降低。实验高分辨率 XPS 光谱和 DFT 计算的谱线一致表明，主要的表面物质是锡石表面上的 Pb-BHA 复合物。N1s 的新峰值在 401。BHA 处理的锡石表面的 X 射线光电子能谱的 88 eV 表明 BHA 也可以化学吸附在表面上。拉曼光谱表明，268 cm-1 附近的峰应归因于 BHA-Pb-O≡ 界面键合结构中的 Pb-O 键。干净的、Pb2+ 和 Pb2+||BHA（在 Pb2+ 后添加 BHA）处理的界面的 HR-TEM 图像进一步证明了界面微结构。该工作为理解浮选药剂的界面吸附机理和金属离子对氧化矿物的活化机理提供了新的思路。Pb2+ 和 Pb2+||BHA（在 Pb2+ 后添加 BHA）处理的界面进一步证明了界面微结构。该工作为理解浮选药剂的界面吸附机理和金属离子对氧化矿物的活化机理提供了新的思路。Pb2+ 和 Pb2+||BHA（在 Pb2+ 后添加 BHA）处理的界面进一步证明了界面微结构。该工作为理解浮选药剂的界面吸附机理和金属离子对氧化矿物的活化机理提供了新的思路。