High-head dams are migration barriers for Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. in many river systems and recovery measures for impacted stocks are limited. Trap-and-haul has been widely used in attempts to facilitate recovery but information from existing programs has not been synthesized to inform improvements to aid recovery of salmonids in systems with high-head dams. We reviewed 17 trap-and-haul programs regarding Pacific salmon to: (1) summarize information about facility design, operation and biological effects; (2) identify critical knowledge gaps; and (3) evaluate trap-and-haul as a current and future management tool. Existing programs are operated to address a range of management goals including restoring access to historical habitats, temporarily reducing exposure to dangerous in-river conditions, and reintroducing ecological processes upstream from dams. Information gathered from decades of operation on facility design criteria and fish handling protocols, and robust literature on fish collection and passage are available. While many aspects of trap-and-haul have been evaluated, effects on population productivity and sustainability remain poorly understood. Long-term and systematic studies of trap-and-haul outcomes are rare, and assessments can be confounded by concurrent management actions and broad ecological and climatic effects. Existing data suggest that performance and effectiveness vary among programs and over various time scales within programs. Although critical information gaps exist, trap-and-haul is an important management and conservation tool for providing Pacific salmonids access to historical habitats. Successful application of trap-and-haul programs requires long-term commitment and an adaptive management approach by dam owners and stakeholders, and careful planning of new programs.

中文翻译：

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在蓄水河流系统中管理太平洋鲑鱼（Oncorhynchus spp.）的陷阱和拖运审查

高水坝是太平洋鲑鱼 Oncorhynchus spp 的迁移障碍。在许多河流系统中，受影响种群的恢复措施是有限的。Trap-and-haul 已被广泛用于促进恢复的尝试，但尚未综合来自现有计划的信息来告知改进措施，以帮助在具有高水头水坝的系统中恢复鲑鱼。我们审查了 17 项关于太平洋鲑鱼的捕捞计划，以：(1) 总结有关设施设计、操作和生物效应的信息；(2) 确定关键的知识差距；(3) 评估陷阱和拖运作为当前和未来的管理工具。现有计划的运作是为了实现一系列管理目标，包括恢复对历史栖息地的访问，暂时减少对危险河流条件的暴露，并重新引入大坝上游的生态过程。从数十年的设施设计标准和鱼类处理协议的操作中收集的信息，以及有关鱼类收集和通过的可靠文献都可以获得。虽然已经评估了陷阱和拖运的许多方面，但对人口生产力和可持续性的影响仍然知之甚少。对诱捕和拖运结果的长期和系统研究很少见，评估可能会被同时进行的管理行动和广泛的生态和气候影响所混淆。现有数据表明，性能和有效性因项目而异，并在项目内的不同时间尺度上有所不同。尽管存在关键的信息差距，但捕捞是一种重要的管理和保护工具，可让太平洋鲑鱼进入历史栖息地。