Over the past 10 years, sea levels have risen 4.8 millimeters per year on average—a rate much higher than the previous 2 decades. This increased rate, driven by greenhouse gas emissions and enhanced melt from Greenland ice, is known thanks to a series of radar satellites, operating since the early 1990s, that have used pulses of reflected radar to measure the ocean9s height. The next satellite in this series, the Sentinel-6 Michael Freilich, is set for launch this week. While continuing this record, its higher resolution will allow measuring ocean height closer to the shore, which has long been an area of uncertainty. Although melt from the ice sheets will dominate the trend in sea level after 2100, this century the distribution of rising seas by winds and ocean currents will be deeply important in translating the global rise to local coastlines.

中文翻译：

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海平面上升速度比以往任何时候都快

在过去的 10 年里，海平面平均每年上升 4.8 毫米——这个速度远高于前 20 年。由于温室气体排放和格陵兰冰层融化加剧，这种增加的速度是众所周知的，这要归功于自 1990 年代初开始运行的一系列雷达卫星，这些卫星使用反射雷达的脉冲来测量海洋的高度。该系列的下一颗卫星 Sentinel-6 Michael Freilich 将于本周发射。在继续保持这一记录的同时，其更高的分辨率将允许测量更靠近海岸的海洋高度，这一直是一个不确定的领域。尽管冰盖融化将主导 2100 年后海平面的趋势，但本世纪风和洋流导致海平面上升的分布对于将全球上升转化为当地海岸线具有重要意义。