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Autochthonous faecal viral transfer (FVT) impacts the murine microbiome after antibiotic perturbation
BMC Biology ( IF 5.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-20 , DOI: 10.1186/s12915-020-00906-0
Lorraine A Draper 1, 2 , Feargal J Ryan 1, 2, 3 , Marion Dalmasso 1, 2, 4 , Pat G Casey 2 , Angela McCann 1, 2 , Vimalkumar Velayudhan 1, 2 , R Paul Ross 1 , Colin Hill 1, 2
Affiliation  

It has become increasingly accepted that establishing and maintaining a complex and diverse gut microbiota is fundamental to human health. There are growing efforts to identify means of modulating and influencing the microbiota, especially in individuals who have experienced a disruption in their native microbiota. Faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is one method that restores diversity to the microbiota of an individual by introducing microbes from a healthy donor. FMT introduces the total microbial load into the recipient, including the bacteria, archaea, yeasts, protists and viruses. In this study, we investigated whether an autochthonous faecal viral transfer (FVT), in the form of a sterile faecal filtrate, could impact the recovery of a bacteriome disrupted by antibiotic treatment. Following antibiotic disruption of the bacteriome, test mice received an FVT harvested prior to antibiotic treatment, while control mice received a heat- and nuclease-treated FVT. In both groups of mice, the perturbed microbiome reverted over time to one more similar to the pre-treatment one. However, the bacteriomes of mice that received an FVT, in which bacteriophages predominate, separated from those of the control mice as determined by principal co-ordinate analysis (PCoA). Moreover, analysis of the differentially abundant taxa indicated a closer resemblance to the pre-treatment bacteriome in the test mice that had received an FVT. Similarly, metagenomic sequencing of the virome confirmed that faecal bacteriophages of FVT and control mice differed over time in both abundance and diversity, with the phages constituting the FVT persisting in mice that received them. An autochthonous virome transfer reshaped the bacteriomes of mice post-antibiotic treatment such that they more closely resembled the pre-antibiotic microbiota profile compared to mice that received non-viable phages. Thus, FVT may have a role in addressing antibiotic-associated microbiota alterations and potentially prevent the establishment of post-antibiotic infection. Given that bacteriophages are biologically inert in the absence of their host bacteria, they could form a safe and effective alternative to whole microbiota transplants that could be delivered during/following perturbation of the gut flora.

中文翻译:

抗生素干扰后,原地粪便病毒转移 (FVT) 对小鼠微生物群的影响

人们越来越认识到,建立和维持复杂多样的肠道微生物群对于人类健康至关重要。人们越来越努力地寻找调节和影响微生物群的方法,特别是对于那些原生微生物群遭到破坏的个体。粪便微生物群移植(FMT)是一种通过引入健康捐赠者的微生物来恢复个体微生物群多样性的方法。FMT 将全部微生物负荷引入受体,包括细菌、古细菌、酵母、原生生物和病毒。在这项研究中,我们研究了无菌粪便滤液形式的本土粪便病毒转移(FVT)是否会影响抗生素治疗破坏的细菌组的恢复。抗生素破坏细菌组后,测试小鼠接受抗生素治疗前收获的 FVT,而对照小鼠接受热和核酸酶处理的 FVT。在两组小鼠中,随着时间的推移,受到干扰的微生物组都恢复到与治疗前更相似的状态。然而,根据主坐标分析(PCoA)确定,接受 FVT 的小鼠的细菌组(其中噬菌体占主导地位)与对照小鼠的细菌组分离。此外,对差异丰度类群的分析表明,接受 FVT 的测试小鼠中的细菌组与治疗前的细菌组更相似。同样,病毒组的宏基因组测序证实,随着时间的推移,FVT 和对照小鼠的粪便噬菌体在丰度和多样性上都存在差异,构成 FVT 的噬菌体在接受它们的小鼠体内持续存在。原生病毒组转移重塑了抗生素治疗后小鼠的细菌组,与接受非活性噬菌体的小鼠相比,它们更接近抗生素治疗前的微生物群特征。因此,FVT 可能在解决抗生素相关微生物群改变方面发挥作用,并可能预防抗生素后感染的发生。鉴于噬菌体在没有宿主细菌的情况下具有生物惰性,因此它们可以成为整个微生物群移植的安全有效的替代品,可以在肠道菌群扰动期间/之后进行递送。
更新日期:2020-11-21
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