Aetiogenesis of cancer has not been fully determined. Recent advances have clearly defined a role for microenvironmental factors in cancer progression and initiation; in this context, microbiome has recently emerged with a number of reported correlative and causative links implicating alterations of commensal microbes in tumorigenesis. Bacteria appear to have the potential to directly alter physiological pathways of host cells and in specific circumstances, such as the mutation of the tumour suppressive factor p53, they can also directly switch the function of a gene from oncosuppressive to oncogenic. In this minireview, we report a number of examples on how commensal microbes alter the host cell biology, affecting the oncogenic process. We then discuss more in detail how interaction with the gut microbiome can affect the function of p53 mutant in the intestinal tumorigenesis.

中文翻译：

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癌症进展中的共生微生物和 p53

癌症的病因尚未完全确定。最近的进展明确界定了微环境因素在癌症进展和发生中的作用；在这方面，微生物组最近出现了许多报道的相关和因果关系，表明共生微生物的改变在肿瘤发生中的作用。细菌似乎有可能直接改变宿主细胞的生理途径，并且在特定情况下，例如肿瘤抑制因子p53的突变，它们还可以直接将基因的功能从抑癌转为致癌。在这篇小综述中，我们报告了一些关于共生微生物如何改变宿主细胞生物学、影响致癌过程的例子。然后我们更详细地讨论与肠道微生物组的相互作用如何影响 p53 突变体在肠道肿瘤发生中的功能。