A real-time responsive customised bus (RTRCB) provides demand-oriented and shared-ride service for passengers with random travel demands. Unlike other works in the literature, the authors developed a hierarchical methodology to optimise the RTRCB schedule. It involves a trade-off between the interests of the transporter and those of the passengers. After minimising the initial travel distance while maintaining a wide service range, the bus routes are planned holistically based on the main travel locations. Based on the initial routes, the buses are dispatched to satisfy the real-time travel demands. The procedure for solving the proposed problem is developed by modifying the genetic algorithm (GA) and non-dominated sorting GA with elite strategy. The proposed method is applied to a real-life problem in the city of Shenzhen, and certain extensional analyses are performed to demonstrate their feasibility. The computational results show that: (i) the travel distance limitation and tortuosity ratio of the bus route play the most important roles in planning bus routes; (ii) the designation of all the initial bus stops as the control stops results in comparatively stable service for more passengers; and (iii) a better service performance can be achieved by introducing the soft time window strategy with an acceptable delivery delay.

中文翻译：

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实时响应式定制总线的分层调度建模与仿真

实时响应式定制公共汽车（RTRCB）为有随机旅行需求的乘客提供面向需求的共享乘车服务。与文献中的其他作品不同，作者开发了一种分层方法来优化RTRCB时间表。它涉及运输者和乘客利益之间的权衡。在使初始行驶距离最小化并保持较宽的服务范围之后，根据主要行驶位置对公交路线进行整体规划。根据初始路线，调度公交车以满足实时出行需求。通过修改遗传算法（GA）和采用精英策略的非支配排序GA，开发了解决该问题的程序。所提出的方法适用于深圳市的现实生活中的问题，并进行了某些延伸分析以证明其可行性。计算结果表明：（i）公交路线的行进距离限制和曲折率在规划公交路线中起着最重要的作用；（ii）指定所有最初的巴士站，因为管制站可为更多乘客提供相对稳定的服务；（iii）通过引入具有可接受的交付延迟的软时间窗口策略可以实现更好的服务性能。（ii）指定所有最初的巴士站，因为管制站可为更多乘客提供相对稳定的服务；（iii）通过引入具有可接受的交付延迟的软时间窗口策略，可以实现更好的服务性能。（ii）指定所有最初的巴士站，因为管制站可为更多乘客提供相对稳定的服务；（iii）通过引入具有可接受的交付延迟的软时间窗口策略可以实现更好的服务性能。