Geometric stochastic method and deterministic ray tracing method are two common methods of modelling massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channels. The former has high computational efficiency but a large number of input parameters need to be extracted from measurements for different environments. Conversely, the latter is more suitable for a specific environment but consumes a lot of computing costs. In this study, a novel three-dimensional (3D) deterministic ray tracing method for massive MIMO channel modelling is proposed. The computational efficiency can be improved in two aspects compared with conventional deterministic ray tracing methods. Firstly, substantial intersection tests used in determining the propagation paths of rays are replaced with the adjacency relationships between tetrahedrons. Secondly, the process of ray tracing is independent of the location of a receiving antenna and therefore repeated ray tracing process is unnecessary for different elements of receiving antenna array. The proposed method is also used as a substitute for measurements to extract input parameters for geometric stochastic channel models. The accuracy of the proposed method in massive MIMO channel modelling and parameters extraction is verified by comparing the results with measurements and other existing channel models.

中文翻译：

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用于大规模MIMO信道建模和参数提取的3D确定性射线追踪方法

几何随机方法和确定性射线追踪方法是对大规模多输入多输出（MIMO）通道建模的两种常用方法。前者具有较高的计算效率，但需要从针对不同环境的测量中提取大量输入参数。相反，后者更适合于特定环境，但会消耗大量计算成本。在这项研究中，提出了一种用于大规模MIMO信道建模的新颖的三维（3D）确定性射线跟踪方法。与传统的确定性射线跟踪方法相比，可以在两个方面提高计算效率。首先，用四面体之间的邻接关系代替了用于确定射线传播路径的大量相交测试。其次，射线追踪的过程与接收天线的位置无关，因此对于接收天线阵列的不同元件，无需重复进行射线追踪过程。所提出的方法还可以用作测量的替代，以提取几何随机通道模型的输入参数。通过将结果与测量结果和其他现有信道模型进行比较，验证了该方法在大规模MIMO信道建模和参数提取中的准确性。