Regulatory T cells (Tregs), as an important subset of T cells, play an important role in maintaining body homeostasis by regulating immune responses and preventing autoimmune diseases. In-depth research finds that Tregs have strong instability and plasticity, and according to their developmental origin, Tregs can be classified into thymic-derived Tregs (tTregs), endogenous-induced Tregs (pTregs), which are produced by antigen-stimulated T cells in the periphery in vivo, and induced Tregs (iTregs), which differentiate from naïve T cells in vitro. In recent years, studies have found that Tregs are divided into lymphatic and tissue-resident Tregs according to their location. Research on the generation and function of lymphoid Tregs has been more comprehensive and thorough, but the role of tissue Tregs is still in the exploratory stage, and it has become a research hot spot. In this review, we discuss the instability and plasticity of Tregs and the latest developments of tissue-resident Tregs in the field of biology, including adipose tissue, colon, skeletal muscle, and other Tregs that have been recently discovered as well as their production, regulation, and function in specific tissues and their role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases.

中文翻译：

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组织驻留性Tregs的产生和调控及其在自身免疫性疾病中的作用

调节性T细胞（Tregs）作为T细胞的重要子集，通过调节免疫反应和预防自身免疫性疾病，在维持体内稳态方面起着重要作用。深入研究发现，Treg具有很强的不稳定性和可塑性，根据其发育起源，Treg可以分为胸腺来源的Treg（tTregs），内源性诱导的Treg（pTregs），它们是由抗原刺激的T细胞产生的并在体内与外周血T细胞（iTregs）诱导分化，从而在体外与幼稚T细胞区分开来。近年来，研究发现Tregs根据其位置分为淋巴Tregs和组织驻留Tregs。关于淋巴Tregs的产生和功能的研究已经更加全面和深入，但是组织Tregs的作用仍处于探索阶段，并已成为研究热点。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了Tregs的不稳定性和可塑性以及生物学领域中组织驻留Tregs的最新发展，包括脂肪组织，结肠，骨骼肌和其他最近发现的Tregs及其生产，调节，在特定组织中的功能及其在自身免疫性疾病发病机理中的作用。