Quantitative understanding of transmission with and without control measures is important for the control of infectious diseases because it helps to determine which of these measures (or combinations thereof) will be effective to reduce transmission. In this paper, the statistical methods used to estimate transmission parameters are explained. To show how these methods can be used we reviewed literature for papers describing foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) transmission in pigs and we used the data to estimate transmission parameters. The analysis showed that FMDV transmits very well when pigs have direct contact. Transmission, however, is reduced when a physical barrier separates infected and susceptible non-vaccinated pigs. Vaccination of pigs can prevent infection when virus is administered by a single intradermal virus injection in the bulb of the heel, but it cannot prevent infection when pigs are directly exposed to either non-vaccinated or vaccinated FMDV infected pigs. Physical separation combined with vaccination is observed to block transmission. Vaccination and separation can make a significant difference in the estimated number of new infections per day. Experimental transmission studies show that the combined effect of vaccination and physical separation can significantly reduce transmission (R < 1), which is a very relevant result for the control of between-farm transmission.

对有或没有控制措施的传播的定量理解对于控制传染病很重要，因为它有助于确定这些措施中的哪一项（或其组合）将有效减少传播。在本文中，解释了用于估计传输参数的统计方法。为了说明如何使用这些方法，我们回顾了描述猪口蹄疫病毒（FMDV）传播的文献，并使用这些数据估计了传播参数。分析表明，当猪直接接触时，FMDV传播得很好。但是，当物理屏障将感染和易感的未接种疫苗的猪分开时，传播会减少。当通过在脚后跟皮内注射一次皮内病毒注射病毒时，对猪进行疫苗接种可以预防感染，但是如果猪直接暴露于未接种疫苗或接种过FMDV的猪中，则不能预防感染。观察到物理隔离与疫苗接种相结合会阻止传播。疫苗接种和分离可以使每天估计的新感染数产生显着差异。实验性传播研究表明，疫苗接种和物理隔离的综合作用可以显着降低传播（R <1），这对于控制农场间传播非常重要。观察到物理隔离与疫苗接种相结合会阻止传播。疫苗接种和分离可以使每天估计的新感染数产生显着差异。实验性传播研究表明，疫苗接种和物理隔离的综合作用可以显着降低传播（R <1），这对于控制农场间传播非常重要。观察到物理隔离与疫苗接种相结合会阻止传播。疫苗接种和分离可以使每天估计的新感染数产生显着差异。实验性传播研究表明，疫苗接种和物理隔离的综合作用可以显着降低传播（R <1），这对于控制农场间传播非常重要。