Oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis of Graves hyperthyroidism (GH) and Graves orbitopathy (GO) and an antioxidant approach has been proposed for both. In GH, a disbalance of the cell redox state is associated with thyroid hyperfunction and antithyroid medications may reduce oxidative stress. Tissue hypoxia participates in the pathogenesis of GO, and oxygen free radicals are involved in the typical changes of orbital tissues as reported by in vitro and clinical studies. Antioxidant agents, especially selenium, have been proposed as a therapeutic option for GH and GO. A clinical study regarding the use of selenium in mild GO has provided evidence for a beneficial effect in the short term, even though its beneficial effects in the long term are still to be investigated. In addition to selenium, a protective role of other antioxidant agents, i.e., quercetin, enalapril, vitamin C, N-acetyl-L-cysteine and melatonin has been suggested by in vitro studies, although clinical studies are lacking. Here, we review the role of oxidative stress and antioxidant agents in GH and GO.
Eur Thyroid J

中文翻译：

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Graves病和Graves眼病的氧化应激

氧化应激与Graves甲状腺功能亢进症（GH）和Graves眼眶病（GO）的发病机理有关，并且已针对两者提出了抗氧化剂方法。在GH中，细胞氧化还原状态的失衡与甲状腺功能亢进有关，抗甲状腺药物可能会减轻氧化应激。组织缺氧参与GO的发病机理，氧自由基参与眼眶组织的典型变化，这在体外和临床研究中均已报道。已经提出抗氧化剂，特别是硒，作为GH和GO的治疗选择。关于在轻度GO中使用硒的临床研究为短期内的有益作用提供了证据，尽管长期内仍需研究其有益作用。除了硒尽管缺乏临床研究，但体外研究已建议使用N-乙酰基-L-半胱氨酸和褪黑激素。在这里，我们回顾了氧化应激和抗氧化剂在GH和GO中的作用。
甲状腺素